Banque universelle et technologies : perspectives et enjeux

[fre] Une nouvelle grille de lecture s'impose pour montrer la place des technologies émergentes dans la banque universelle et leur rôle accru dans la distribution financière (réseaux et automates). Le marketing de l'éphémère, conjuguant ordinateurs massivement parallèles, réseaux neuronaux et bases de données relationnelles, se fait jour. Verra-t-on demain le triomphe solitaire de la banque virtuelle et de la banque à distance, ou leur convergence harmonieuse avec les réseaux physiques ? Le multimédia naissant sera l'un des éléments déterminants de cette course, grâce à une différenciation d'image que ne permettent pas les technologies actuelles. S'efforçant de concilier efficacité économique et efficience commerciale, les réseaux bancaires utilisent largement les SIAD, les EIS et les systèmes experts. Ils commencent prudemment à s'approprier les outils de l'informatique communicante (GED, groupware, workflow, outils nomades), favorisant l'enrichissement des connaissances dans le travail en équipes et en réseaux. Dans cet environnement, de nouveaux concurrents modifient les règles du jeu et essaient de s'approprier une partie des services financiers. Le système bancaire se trouve donc désormais face à un ensemble de choix stratégiques, dont les enjeux sont non seulement la compétitivité et la valeur ajoutée, mais le développement, voire le maintien des parts de marché. [eng] Universal banks and technology : outlooks and challenges . At present, a new perspective is necessary when it comes to examining the influence of emerging technologies on international banking, and their growing role in the distribution of financial information (networks and pre-programmed applications). Marketing the ephemeral has now seen the light of day with massive parallel data processing, neuronal networks and relational data bases. Will tomorrow see the triumph of the virtual bank and the remote bank, or will these latter harmoniously converge with the existing physical networks ? The new-born multimedia technology will be one of the determining factors in this race, as it can permit a differentiation of images which present technologies are unable to provide. In their endeavour to reconcile economic and commercial efficiency, the banking networks mainly rely on the Computer Assisted Decision-Making Tools, EIS and expert systems. They are cautiously beginning to make use of data communications tools (Electronic Data Management, groupware, workflow, nomadic tools) which encourage an enriching exchange of knowledge in team or networking environments. This new environment means that new competitors are now changing the rules of the game, trying to appropriate a part of the financial services offer. As a result, the banking sector is now faced with strategic choices, where what is at stake is not merely competitivity and added value, but also the development or even holding on to market share. differentiation of images which present technologies are unable to provide. In their endeavour to reconcile economic and commercial efficiency, the banking networks mainly rely on the Computer Assisted Decision-Making Tools, EIS and expert systems. They are cautiously beginning to make use of data communications tools (Electronic Data Management, groupware, workflow, nomadic tools) which encourage an enriching exchange of knowledge in team or networking environments. This new environment means that new competitors are now changing the rules of the game, trying to appropriate a part of the financial services offer. As a result, the banking sector is now faced with strategic choices, where what is at stake is not merely competitivity and added value, but also the development or even holding on to market share.