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L'État et la dynamique du capital-risque européen

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  • Patrice Geoffron

Abstract

[eng] Governments and the Dynamics of European Venture Capital. A few years after the US, venture capital is developing quickly in Europe since the beginning of the 80s. Although the structures and methods look like those created in the United States, venture capital in Europe develops its own peculiar way, due to local socioeconomic conditions. For the same reason, venture capital is not as brilliant in Europe as in the States, in terms of profitability of invested funds and reproduction of industrial scape. However, US risk financing - as a counterpart to its success - has shown some excesses and limits. European venture capital could therefore tend towards homogeneous systems between national markets. This is an aim to be reached through the making of the European financial market in 1992. . However, today in Europe venture capital is rather heterogeneous, and there is scarcely any contact between traders from different countries. If the increase of activity is exponential in most countries, the concept of a "European venture capital market" has no reality, in spite of many attempts particularly at executive level in the European Community. [fre] Quelques années après l'essor du venture capital aux Etats-Unis, le capital risque connaît en Europe un développement important depuis le début de la décennie 80. Ce développement, s'il s'inspire des structures et des méthodes élaborées outre-atlantique, revêt une forme originale en raison de contraintes socio-économiques propres aux pays européens. Ces contraintes expliquent également que le capital risque européen ne présente pas encore des résultats aussi brillants que le venture capital américain en termes de rentabilité des fonds investis et de reproduction du tissu industriel. Toutefois, la sphère des financements à risque américaine - rançon de son succès - montre depuis quelques années certains excès et limites de son mode de fonctionnement. Les acteurs européens du capital risque pourraient donc prendre quelques distances avec la référence américaine et orienter leurs efforts vers une homogénéisation des pratiques entre les marchés nationaux. Cet objectif est à inscrire dans la perspective de la constitution du grand marché européen à partir de 1992. . Il reste qu'aujourd'hui l'Europe du capital risque présente plutôt des caractères d'hétérogénéité et que les relations entre des opérateurs de nationalités différentes restent rares, sinon expérimentales. Si la progression de l'activité décrit une courbe exponentielle dans la plupart des pays, le concept de « marché européen du capital risque » n'a pas encore de réalité tangible, en dépit des nombreuses réflexions conduites, notamment, au niveau de la CEE.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrice Geoffron, 1987. "L'État et la dynamique du capital-risque européen," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 3(3), pages 72-89.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_3_3_1523
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1987.1523
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1987.1523
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