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Innovation financière et croissance économique

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  • Jean-Paul Abraham

Abstract

[eng] Financial Innovation and Economic Growth . Financial innovation is a recent notion but it lies well within the conceptual framework established by Schumpeter. Nevertheless, its effects on economic growth are indirect. . Financial innovation is a self-generating form of technical progress. It can be as disruptive as it can be enduring. It is induced as much by demand as by supply, it economises on manpower and it increases capitalistic intensity in the financial services sector. The transmission period of innovation is relatively short and practices are seen to be sensitive to regulatory and deregulatory measures. . Analysis of the Belgian legislation adopted in 1982 creating new financial products by way of fiscal innovation, points to the following conclusions: financial innovation underlies the growth of financial services modifying their production; competition is propitious to financial innovation but regulatory measures may also provoke innovation aimed at avoidance of these measures; the requirements of financial innovation essentially affect the growth of the computer and telecommunications sectors, innovation produces less direct after effects on the economy as a whole. When innovation results in reduced costs which are not retained in the financial services sector but are redistributed to its clients, this can influence economic activity and growth. However, this is true on two conditions only: that other growth factors come into play in enterprise simultaneously and that the general economic, social and legal environment be favourable. Financial innovation cannot be the sole motor of economic growth. [fre] Innovation financière et croissance économique . L'innovation financière est un concept apparu récemment mais qui s'insère assez bien dans le cadre conceptuel offert depuis longtemps par Schumpeter. Toutefois, elle a des effets indirects sur la croissance économique. . L'innovation financière se caractérise comme une forme de progrès technique endogène et incorporé. Elle peut présenter un caractère aussi disruptif que continu, est induite par la demande au moins autant que par l'offre, économise la main-d'oeuvre et accroît l'intensité capitalistique dans le secteur des services financiers, a un temps de diffusion relativement court et se révèle sensible aux mouvements de réglementation et de déréglementation entrepris par les pouvoirs publics. . Une analyse de la législation adoptée en 1982 par la Belgique, qui créait de nouveaux produits financiers par la voie d'innovations fiscales, supporte les conclusions suivantes : l'innovation financière sous-tend la croissance des services financiers dont elle modifie la fonction de production; la concurrence est propice à l'innovation financière, mais la réglementation peut également inciter à des innovations visant à la contourner; l'innovation financière a essentiellement des effets vers l'amont sur la croissance du secteur de l'informatique et des télécommunications ; vers l'aval, ses efforts sont plus indirects. Lorsque la réduction des coûts suscitée par l'innovation financière n'est pas retenue au sein du secteur des services financiers, mais répercutée sur les clients, elle influe sur l'activité économique et la croissance à une double condition : il faut que les autres facteurs de croissance jouent dans les entreprises simultanément et que l'environnement général économique, social et institutionnel soit favorable. L'innovation financière ne peut être un moteur exclusif de la croissance économique.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Paul Abraham, 1987. "Innovation financière et croissance économique," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 2(2), pages 69-92.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1987_num_2_2_1501
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1987.1501
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1987.1501
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    Cited by:

    1. Robert Raymond, 2009. "Vers l'indépendance des banques centrales et une politique monétaire européenne," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 8(1), pages 21-50.

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