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Mode de rentabilisation du capital et internationalisation des firmes de la grande distribution

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  • Raymond Lehman

Abstract

[fre] Cet article établit un lien entre le mode d'organisation industrielle spécifique à la base de la rentabilisation du capital dans la grande distribution et le processus d'internationalisation des firmes de ce secteur. Le schéma d'explication générale de l'internationalisation qui y est présenté met en avant la nécessité de combiner les déterminants micro-économiques (capacité à se doter d'actifs spécifiques forts), méso-économiques (concurrence dans le secteur) et macroéconomiques (conjoncture économique nationale, organisation internationale de la production), pour saisir l'internationalisation des distributeurs dans sa globalité. Ceci se traduit par le dépassement de la dimension quasi-exclusivement prise en compte dans la littérature, à savoir: l'internationalisation-aval (exploitation des points de vente à l'étranger). L'internationalisation-amont des distributeurs (approvisionnement international et prise en charge de filières internationales de produits) et l'internationalisation parallèle (comme capitaliste financier par exemple) apparaissent ainsi au moins aussi importantes dans la phase contemporaine de ce mouvement. Mais ceci exige également d'appuyer l'analyse sur les théories de l'internationalisation les plus solides, telles la théorie éclectique et la théorie de la concurrence oligopolistique internationale. [eng] In this work, we establish a link between the specific way of obtaining profitability in the mass retailing industry and the internationalisation of firms. The general diagram of mass retailing internationalization proposed here underlines the need of combining both microeconomic factors (i.e. firm specific assets), mesoeconomic factors (oligopolistic competition in the industry) and macroeconomic factors (i.e. general economic situation in different countries), to analyse the internationalisation process as a whole. This means firstly to distinguish three dimensions in this movement: exploitation of point of sale abroad; international sourcing and control of some international commodity chains; parallel dimension (i.e. implication in international finance activities). Secondly, this means to use some of the most powerful theories of firms internationalisation (i.e. the eclectic theory, the theory of international oligopolistic competition) to explain this phenomenon.

Suggested Citation

  • Raymond Lehman, 2004. "Mode de rentabilisation du capital et internationalisation des firmes de la grande distribution," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 108(1), pages 41-66.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2004_num_108_1_3058
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2004.3058
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2004.3058
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