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La brevetabilité des logiciels : les étapes clés de l'évolution jurisprudentielle aux États-Unis

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  • Isabelle Liotard

Abstract

[eng] This article deals with the issue of the software patentability and the case law evolution in the United States in this area. From the beginning of the 80's, many key decisions have allowed software to be patented, whereas it has been traditionally protected by copyright. Through the new protection of mathematical algortihms, and the patentability of « business methods » in the field of finance or e-commerce, software protection has been strengthened. Patent protection for software is also possible in Europe but in a different way : whereas the American system lies on « utility » criterion, the European approach lies on « technical effect » criterion. At the end of this article, we underline several economic issues links to this tendency and particularly : the economic effect of software patentability on the innovative path of firms ; the analysis of the institutional mechanisms of patent offices and the examination failure ; the deposal strategies of firms and their licensing purpose. [fre] L'objectif de cet article est de dresser un panorama juridico-économique de l'évolution de la brevetabilité des logiciels aux États-Unis. Traditionnellement protégé par le copyright depuis de nombreuses années, le logiciel a depuis les années 80 investi le champ des inventions brevetables grâce à une série de décisions jurisprudentielles américaines : notamment en rendant possible la protection des algorithmes mathématiques inclus dans une innovation plus générale, et en acceptant la brevetabilité des « méthodes commerciales » concernant la finance ou le e-commerce, la jurisprudence américaine a renforcé la protection des logiciels. Cette acceptation progressive a aussi caractérisé la politique européenne de protection des inventions, mais à partir de critères bien différents de ceux employés aux États-Unis, opposant alors une vision liée à « l'utilité » du logiciel à une approche fondée sur la recherche de l'aspect « technique ». Cette tendance récente a toutefois mis en évidence de nombreuses questions portant particulièrement sur la pertinence économique d'une telle démarche et son effet positif ou négatif sur l'innovation des firmes, sur les mécanismes institutionnels des offices de brevets et leurs défaillances en terme d'examen, et sur les stratégies de dépôts massifs liées à une politique de licences.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabelle Liotard, 2002. "La brevetabilité des logiciels : les étapes clés de l'évolution jurisprudentielle aux États-Unis," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 99(1), pages 133-157.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2002_num_99_1_3022
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2002.3022
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2002.3022
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