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La diversité de l'économie du logiciel : pluralité et dynamique de quatre «mondes de production»

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  • François Horn

Abstract

[fre] L'économie du logiciel est extrêmement diversifiée, que ce soit au niveau des produits réalisés, du statut juridico-économique de ces produits, de la variété des producteurs ou des utilisateurs. Par-delà cette diversité, la production de logiciels fait l'objet de trois critiques récurrentes : un manque de fiabilité des logiciels produits, une relative inadaptation aux besoins des utilisateurs, et une évolution jugée insuffisante de la productivité dans la production des logiciels. Ces problèmes permanents concernant les logiciels ont fait l'objet de recherches de solutions à travers différentes tentatives de rationalisation de la production de logiciels. Une approche en termes de mondes de production, basée sur celle de Salais et Storper, est utilisée pour analyser tant la diversité des logiciels et de leurs modes de production que la pluralité des processus de rationalisation de cette production. Le croisement de deux critères (produits dédiés/produits génériques, absence/existence d'une standardisation du produit et/ou des méthodes et composants) permet de distinguer quatre mondes de production (monde interpersonnel, monde de la création, monde fordiste, monde de la production flexible). Cette typologie est utilisée pour analyser les évolutions dynamiques de l'économie du logiciel en identifiant quatre trajectoires principales (industrialisation, flexibilisation, objectivation et valorisation). Ce cadre d'analyse est ensuite appliqué aux perspectives de développement des logiciels libres. [eng] There are many diverse aspects in software economy, whether it be at the level of actual existing products, of their legal and economic status or of the variety of manufacturers and users. Going beyond this diversity, software production is subject to repeated criticism on three lines : the software produced lacks reliability, or it is in general poorly adapted to users needs and software production has shown a level of productivity which is generally thought to be insufficient. Solutions to these permanent problems concerning software have been sought through various attempts to rationalise software production. An approach in terms of production worlds, based on that of Salais and Storper, is used in order to analyse both the diverse nature of software and their production modes as well as the numerous rationalisation processes of such production. By joint-use of two criteria (dedicated products/generic products, absence/ existence of a standarised product and/or methods or components), it is possible to distinguish four production worlds (interpersonal world, creative world, Fordist world, flexible manufacturing world). Such a typology is used to analyse the dynamic evolutions of the economy of software, by identifying four main trajectories (industrialisation, flexibilisation, formalisation, and value-enhancement). The analytical framework proposed is then applied to the perspectives of development of free software.

Suggested Citation

  • François Horn, 2001. "La diversité de l'économie du logiciel : pluralité et dynamique de quatre «mondes de production»," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 95(1), pages 37-60.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2001_num_95_1_1786
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2001.1786
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2001.1786
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