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Public Aid to R&D in Business Enterprises : The Case of the United States from an EU Perspective

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  • Alkuin Koelliker

Abstract

[fre] Cet article entend mettre l'accent sur le soutien public accordé à la recherche et au développement du secteur privé aux États-Unis, tout en complétant son analyse par quelques comparaisons avec l'Union européenne lorsque cela s'avère approprié. Après avoir donné une vue d'ensemble des objectifs et des ressources de la politique des États-Unis en matière de recherche et de développement, l'article analyse la coopération entre les entreprises dans ce domaine ainsi qu'entre les entreprises et les différents niveaux du secteur public. Il en ressort que les États-Unis consacrent des sommes nettement plus importantes que les pays membres de l'Union européenne au financement public de la recherche et du développement dans le secteur privé. Et tandis que les barrières antitrust qui entravaient la coopération entre les entreprises dans le domaine de la recherche et du développement ont été progressivement supprimées des deux côtés de l'Atlantique durant ces dernières décennies, seule l'Union européenne a instauré un cadre qui limite les aides d'État, même si la recherche et le développement bénéficient d'un régime particulier. Globalement, il semblerait que les États-Unis se soient récemment montrés plus permissifs que l'Union européenne en matière d'aides publiques à la recherche et au développement dans le secteur privé. [eng] This article aims to highlight government support for private sector R&D in the US, where appropriate, complemented by some comparisons with the EU. After giving an overview of the objectives and resources of US R&D policy, the article analyses R&D cooperation among firms, as well as between firms and different levels of government. The results show that, with regard to government funding for private sector R&D, the US outspends EU member states by far. And while antitrust barriers against R&D cooperation amongst businesses have been gradually removed on both sides of the Atlantic in the course of the past few decades, only the EU provides for a framework that limits state aid, albeit one with a special regime applying to R&D. An overall assessment suggests that public aid to business R&D has recently been handled more permissively in the US than in Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Alkuin Koelliker, 2001. "Public Aid to R&D in Business Enterprises : The Case of the United States from an EU Perspective," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 94(1), pages 21-48.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2001_num_94_1_1779
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2001.1779
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2001.1779
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