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L'industrie pétrolière mondiale : raréfaction, coûts de production et surplus pétrolier

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  • Julien Baddour

Abstract

[eng] This paper exposes the concept of scarcity of oil and its links with the long-run change of production cost trend. It's aim is to show that the long term evolution of production costs, the market structure and the appropriation of oil surplus, vary whether or not petroleum is a renewable energy source. So, in the latter case, costs tend to increase, competitive pressure decreases and the market favors the producers. Nevertheless, if petroleum is a renewable resource, costs of productions fall trendly offering incentives to new entries and the market becomes favourable to consumers. However, firms and governments who control the market impose entry barriers in order to limit competition and the market becomes cartelistic. [fre] Cet article expose la notion de la rareté du pétrole et de ses liens avec l'évolution tendancielle des coûts de production à long terme. Il a pour objectif de démontrer que l'évolution des coûts de production à long terme du pétrole ainsi que la structure du marché et le partage du surplus pétrolier entre acteurs varient selon que la reproduction économique du pétrole est assurée ou pas. Ainsi, lorsque la reproduction économique du pétrole n'est pas assurée, les coûts de production augmentent tendanciellement. Dans ce cas, la pression concurrentielle diminue et le marché devient alors favorable aux producteurs. Inversement, quand la reproduction économique du pétrole est assurée, les coûts diminuent tendanciellement ce qui rend l'incitation à l'entrée forte et le marché paraît favorable aux consommateurs. Mais les firmes et les États qui contrôlent le marché instaurent des barrières à l'entrée pour limiter la concurrence et le marché devient un marché cartellisé.

Suggested Citation

  • Julien Baddour, 1998. "L'industrie pétrolière mondiale : raréfaction, coûts de production et surplus pétrolier," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 86(1), pages 7-24.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1998_num_86_1_1729
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1998.1729
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1998.1729
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