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Relations d'efficience, structures de marché et ajustement de l'emploi : une étude appliquée au cas des secteurs industriels français (1970-1989)

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  • Jean-Yves Lesueur

Abstract

[eng] Estimation of short term employment functions for different sectors of manufacturing industry leads generally to a great disparity between speeds of employment adjustment. It is usual to explain this phenomenon by labor market structures like human capital, age, sex, segmentation... However, since 1974 we are contemplating the development of a new form of competition. This one is often describeb as a « non price competition ». In response of this new challenge, firms have searched for new strategies to motivate their workers. In doing so, they try to establish a strong link between wage and productivity of them. The purpose of this paper is to identify, and then to estimate, the respective impacts of « labor market structures » and « firm strategies » on the short term labor adjustment process. A shirking model of the efficiency wage theory is used to illustrate the heterogeneity of sectoral wage-productivity links. The introduction of this efficiency wage hypothesis in a short term employment function, leads to clearly identify the relative impacts of these two factors. For this purpose, sectoral data on french manufacturing industry for the 1970-1989 period have been used. [fre] La disparité sectorielle des vitesses d'ajustement de l'emploi, généralement observée lors de l'estimation des fonctions d'emploi de court terme, fait traditionnellement référence aux effets attendus des structures de l'emploi (formation, âge, sexe...) sur l'intensité des coûts de rotation de main d'oeuvre supportés par le producteur. Depuis 1974, l'émergence progressive d'une concurrence basée sur le différentiel de qualité a transformé le regard porté sur les conditions de production de sorte que le contrat de travail apparaît de plus en plus comme un support stratégique de motivation du personnel. L'objet de cette étude est donc de mesurer l'influence respective des structures de marché et des stratégies d'entreprise sur les conditions d'ajustement de la main d'œuvre en courte période. Un modèle de salaire d'efficience est proposé pour fonder la typologie des stratégies de gestion de main d'oeuvre pratiquées par les secteurs d'activité. L'intégration de la relation d'efficience dans une fonction d'emploi de court terme permet d'effectuer un test économique de notre hypothèse au cas des secteurs industriels français observés de 1970 à 1989.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Yves Lesueur, 1992. "Relations d'efficience, structures de marché et ajustement de l'emploi : une étude appliquée au cas des secteurs industriels français (1970-1989)," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 61(1), pages 68-85.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1992_num_61_1_1437
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1992.1437
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1992.1437
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