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Justice, morale et politique à la fin du XVIIe siècle

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  • Frédérique Pitou

Abstract

[fre] Résumé À la fin du règne de Louis XIV paraissent deux ouvrages consacrés aux devoirs des juges écrits, l'un par un ancien magistrat du présidial d'Angers, l'autre par un président aux Enquêtes du parlement de Rennes, qui présentent les qualités du magistrat idéal. Le tableau dressé du fonctionnement des tribunaux et des procédures judiciaires montre au contraire des juges prisonniers de leurs passions. Les deux ouvrages sont donc de véritables traités de morale qui proposent des règles de comportement faisant appel aux vertus personnelles des magistrats, au premier rang desquelles se trouve l'amour de Dieu et du bien public. La critique est parfois féroce contre l'évolution politique du règne en cours, en particulier en ce qui touche la magistrature. Des réformes sont proposées ; si certaines consistent à revenir à un état antérieur (suppression de juridictions inutiles, interrogation sur la vénalité des offices) d'autres ont bien un caractère novateur (la critique du droit romain, la simplification et l'unification des coutumes et même la justification du prêt à intérêt). [eng] Abstract With the end of the reign of Louis XTV appear two books devoted to the duties of the judges, written one by a former magistrate of the court of "présidial" of Angers, the other by the president of one of the chambers of the Brittany's Parliament. The purpose of these dissertations is to present the qualities of the ideal magistrate. The drawn picture of the operation of the courts and the legal procedures shows on the contrary judges captive of their passions. The two works are true treaties of morals, which propose rules of behaviour calling upon the personal virtues of the magistrates, the first of which is the love of God and the public weal. The critics against the political evolution of the reign, and particularly about the role of magistracy are sometimes very severe. Reforms are proposed; if some of them consist in returning in a former state (suppression of useless jurisdictions, interrogation on the venality of the offices), other reforms are well innovative (critic of the Roman law, simplification and unification of the common law and even justification of the loan with interest).

Suggested Citation

  • Frédérique Pitou, 2003. "Justice, morale et politique à la fin du XVIIe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(4), pages 537-554.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2003_num_22_4_2339
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2003.2339
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2003.2339
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