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Abstract
[eng] Abstract The new GATT negotiation launched by the Kennedy administration aimed at raising American exports to the Common Market and at slowing American investments in Western Europe, which had a negative impact on the US balance of payments, but also at preventing the Six from building a common foreign policy, free from American influences. According to Kennedy and his advisers, the creation of an Atlantic free trade community would secure all these ends at the same time. After the rejection by De Gaulle of the British application to the Common Market, which killed the Atlantic free trade area project, the Kennedy Round negotiation became restricted to trade matters. Since it forced European countries to define a common stand toward the United States, its unintended effect was to strengthen the unity of Europe. The Round resulted in important tariff reductions and revealed that the US economy was now fully integrated in the larger world. In spite of this, protectionist interests entrenched in the US Congress objected strongly to this new phase of trade liberalisation. [fre] Résumé En lançant une nouvelle négociation du GATT, l'équipe Kennedy voulait à la fois augmenter les exportations américaines vers le Marché Commun et réduire les investissements américains dans cette zone (nuisibles à la balance américaine des paiements), mais aussi empêcher l'Europe des Six d'évoluer vers une politique étrangère complètement indépendante de Washington. La création d'une zone de libre-échange atlantique était censée réaliser tous ces objectifs à la fois. Le veto français à l'entrée du Royaume-Uni dans le Marché Commun ayant mis fin au projet de zone atlantique de libre-échange, le Kennedy Round devint une négociation strictement commerciale qui, en obligeant les États du Marché Commun à s'entendre sur des positions communes face aux États-Unis, eut pour effet inattendu de renforcer la construction européenne. La négociation a débouché sur des réductions tarifaires importantes, et révélé l'insertion nouvelle des États-Unis dans l'économie mondiale. Elle n'en a pas moins suscité de fortes protestations des intérêts protectionnistes, toujours bien représentés au Congrès.
Suggested Citation
Pierre Sicard, 2003.
"Le Kennedy Round, une entreprise ambiguë,"
Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 59-70.
Handle:
RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2003_num_22_1_2284
DOI: 10.3406/hes.2003.2284
Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2003.2284
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