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Prusse et protestantisme au XIXe siècle

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  • Frédéric Hartweg

Abstract

[eng] Abstract Even though a significant proportion of its population was Catholic, Prussia was long regarded as the Protestant power par excellence, and more especially from 1866 onwards. When Prince Elector Johann Sigismund embraced Calvinism in 1613, this brought an element of tolerance and confessionnal plurality to a Brandenburg which had been Lutheran since 1539. Under Friedrich II this trend intensified, and was particularly favourable to Catholics, and the Prussian general code of 1794 established parity between the Reformed, Lutheran and Catholic churches. It was under Friedrich-Wilhem III that a clerical system was introduced whereby the protestant church became an integral part of the governemental apparatus of the State, in close liaison with schools. Only slowly were synodal elements able to develop. From 1871 onwards, the Second Reich took on a distinctly protestant tinge, especially though the « Kulturkampf », and attempts to elaborate a protestant social ethic became more pressing (cf. R. Todt). [fre] Résumé Bien que comportant une fraction importante de population catholique, la Prusse a longtemps été perçue comme la puissance protestante par excellence, notamment à partir de 1866. Le passage du Prince électeur Jean Sigismond au calvinisme en 1613 introduit un élément de pluralité confessionnelle dans le Brandebourg luthérien depuis 1539. Sous Frédéric II, celle-ci progresse, en particulier au bénéfice des catholiques, et le Code général prussien de 1794 introduit la parité entre Églises réformée, luthérienne et catholique. C'est sous Frédéric-Guillaume III qu'est mis en place un système ecclésial qui intègre l'Église protestante à l'appareil gouvernemental de l'État, en liaison avec l'école. Ce n'est que lentement que des éléments de synodalité pourront se développer. Après 1871, le Second Reich prend une nette coloration protestante, notamment avec la Kulturkampf, tandis que des tentatives d'élaboration d'une éthique protestante se précisent avec R. Todt.

Suggested Citation

  • Frédéric Hartweg, 2002. "Prusse et protestantisme au XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 21(1), pages 5-16.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2002_num_21_1_2260
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2002.2260
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2002.2260
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