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Innovation technique et genèse de l'entreprise. Quelques réflexions à partir de l'exemple de la métallurgie européenne (XIIIe-XVIe siècles)

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  • Mathieu Arnoux

Abstract

[fre] Résumé L'exemple du secteur métallurgique et minier montre comment le processus technique induit l'apparition de formes nouvelles de production et de commercialisation sous la pression d'une augmentation régulière de la demande. C'est dans ces conditions que le procédé Wallon associant haut fourneau et affinerie s'impose, à l'ensemble de l'Europe du nord-ouest entre 1450 et 1550. La mécanisation de la forge entraîne un changement d'échelle de la production, marquée par une augmentation formidable de la consommation de bois, par la généralisation du salariat et le développement de d'exportation. L'emprise grandissante du maître de forges sur le fondeur et l'affineur se traduit par le développement de l'entreprise sociétaire, mais s'accompagne aussi d'un fort degré d'intervention publique (commandes, exemptions fiscales, protection des brevets, régie). [eng] Abstract This paper aims to show, in the case of the mining and metallurgy industry, how the process of technical innovation and the growth of demand make possible the emergence of new types of production and commercialization: this happened in the iron-making industry with the diffusion of Walloon processes throughout north-western Europe between 1450 and 1550. The mechanization of the forge resulted in rising production of iron and steel for the interregional and international markets, in an increasing use of wood, and in a global process of salarization of the iron-makers. The growing authority of the forge masters over the workers of smelting and hammering plants is the sign of the development of forges as industrial firms. At the same time, it is accompanied by strong intervention of the State and other public institutions, by way of orders, patents to protect innovations or even state-owned industrial factories.

Suggested Citation

  • Mathieu Arnoux, 2001. "Innovation technique et genèse de l'entreprise. Quelques réflexions à partir de l'exemple de la métallurgie européenne (XIIIe-XVIe siècles)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(4), pages 447-454.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2001_num_20_4_2239
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2001.2239
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2001.2239
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