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La ville, miroir et enjeu de la santé : Paris, Montréal et Alger au XIXe siècle

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  • Jean-Pierre Goubert

Abstract

[eng] Abstract In the 19th century, an urban system of public health was set up. As far as it was identified with circulation, networks were organized that both irrigated the body and the city: without the latter, there was no salvation. Whether it were in old France, in Paris, in a new country as Canada in Montreal or in a colonial territory in Algiers, Europeans and more particularly the French provided themselves with a preventive medicine and a public hygiene before Pasteur revolution and later on with its support. Rejecting humoral medicine, smallpox vaccination finally became the rule as well as water distribution. These were the evidence of European power in those towns where the French have lived either permanently or as servants or as masters. In the setting of an alliance between political, medical, public and private sector interests, a scientific and technical revolution was taken advantage of so as to expand a new health empire the western way, an emblem of the coming in to Modernity. [fre] Résumé Au XIXe siècle se constitue un système urbain de la santé publique. Dans la mesure où il est identifié à la circulation se mettent en place des réseaux qui irriguent le corps et la cité. Tout obstacle à cette saine circulation doit être banni : hors d'elle point de salut. Que ce soit dans la vieille France, à Paris, dans un pays neuf comme le Canada à Montréal, ou bien en territoire colonial à Alger, les Européens et en particulier les Français se dotent d'une médecine préventive et d'une hygiène publique avant la Révolution pasteurienne et plus tard avec son appui. Tournant le dos à la médecine humorale, la vaccination antivariolique finit par s'imposer, ainsi que la distribution de l'eau. Elles manifestent la puissance européenne dans ces villes où les Français sont soit à demeure, soit dominés, soit dominants. Dans le cadre d'une alliance des intérêts du politique, du médical et des secteurs privé et public, une révolution scientifique et technique est mise à profit pour développer un nouvel empire de la santé conçu à l'occidentale, emblématique de l'entrée dans la Modernité.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Goubert, 2001. "La ville, miroir et enjeu de la santé : Paris, Montréal et Alger au XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(3), pages 355-370.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2001_num_20_3_2231
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2001.2231
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2001.2231
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