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Les Pays-Bas et l'Europe monétaire après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale

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  • Jaap Barendregt

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Cette contribution met l'accent sur la résistance des autorités monétaires néerlandaises à la mise en œuvre de l'un des objectifs du traité de Rome : la constitution d'un marché européen de l'argent. Cette résistance s'explique pour l'essentiel par la volonté de préserver l'économie des Pays-Bas de l'inflation importée de voisins aux politiques économiques moins rigoureuses, puis, une fois les changes flottants en place, d'éviter une hausse trop importante du florin. Leur position se renversa cependant au cours des années 1980 : l'inefficacité du contrôle des changes aidant, les Hollandais firent de la liberté de circulation des capitaux l'une des conditions préalables à toute avancée dans le domaine de l'unification monétaire européenne ; il s'agissait cette fois-ci d'un mode de pression pour forcer les pays du camp «monétariste» à plus de rigueur. Cette politique se révéla efficace mais c'est toutefois avec certains regrets que les autorités néerlandaises acceptèrent les conséquences «monétaristes» de l'union monétaire de l'Europe. [eng] Abstract This author highlights the resistance of monetary authorities in the Netherlands to the implementation of one of the aims of the Treaty of Rome, creation of a European money market. The Dutch resisted essentially because they wanted to protect their economy from inflation brought in by neighbors with less stringent economic policies. Once floating exchange rates were in place, they then wanted to avoid too steep a rise in the value of the guilder. However, in the 1980s, the Dutch altered their position altogether. Helped on by the fact that exchange controls were not working, they made free circulation of capital a precondition of any advance in the area of European monetary union. On this occasion, it was a case of exerting pressure on countries in the «monetarist » camp to force them to be more stringent. This policy proved to be effective, but it was nonetheless with a certain degree of regret that the Dutch authorities accepted European monetary union.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaap Barendregt, 1999. "Les Pays-Bas et l'Europe monétaire après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(4), pages 815-822.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_4_2066
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2066
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2066
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