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La Banque de France et la réforme du système monétaire international : entre impératifs nationaux et solidarité des banques centrales européennes (1963-1968)

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  • Éric Bussière

Abstract

[eng] Abstract This author analyzes the position taken by the Bank of France during discussions about reform of the international monetary system. These debates were marked by de Gaullian criticism of the imperialism of the dollar and a fairly acrimonious conflict between France and the United States, which lasted from 1963 to 1968. We can see that there were ambiguities in the French bank's position. While the bank agreed with the French government and its European partners about the defects in the system, it was impossible to achieve a coherent European stance on methods of reform. It seems that the government's view about the role of gold, its attitude at the time of the sterling crisis, and its stance on managing the bank's gold reserves all served to estrange the bank from its colleagues and damaged the latter' s ability to influence debate and decision-making. However, we should not overestimate the degree to which a more cooperative French attitude might have helped further European solidarity in face of the stance taken by America. [fre] Résumé Cette contribution analyse la position de la Banque de France dans le cadre des débats sur la réforme du système monétaire international marqués par la critique gaullienne de l'impérialisme du dollar et un conflit assez vif entre la France et les États-Unis dans les années 1963- 1968. Elle montre les ambiguïtés de la position de la Banque marquée à la fois par une convergence d'analyse sur les défauts du système avec le gouvernement et ses partenaires européens et l'impossibilité de parvenir à une position européenne cohérente sur les modalités de sa réforme. Il apparaît ainsi que les positions du gouvernement quant au rôle de l'or, son attitude au moment de la crise de la livre sterling et quant à la gestion des réserves en or de la Banque ont éloigné cette dernière de ses collègues et ont nui à sa capacité d'influencer le débat et les décisions même s'il ne faut pas surestimer ce qu'une attitude plus coopérative de la part de la France aurait pu apporter sur le plan de la solidarité européenne face aux positions américaines.

Suggested Citation

  • Éric Bussière, 1999. "La Banque de France et la réforme du système monétaire international : entre impératifs nationaux et solidarité des banques centrales européennes (1963-1968)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(4), pages 797-814.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_4_2065
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2065
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2065
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