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Les ambiguïtés de la modernisation : la fondation de la Banque de Grèce (1927-1928)

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  • Kostas Kostis

Abstract

[fre] Résumé La mise en place d'un ordre monétaire européen restauré autour du GES à la suite de la conférence de Gênes en 1922 impliqua plus qu'une simple coopération entre instituts d'émission; elle impliquait une véritable normalisation des pratiques des banques centrales que la Banque d'Angleterre, le comité financier de la SDN cherchèrent à diffuser. Ils n'hésitèrent pas, à cette fin, à imposer leurs normes aux pays financièrement aux abois et dont la monnaie avait besoin d'être stabilisée. L'exemple de la Grèce, qui est ici développé montre l'ampleur des résistances qu'une telle politique provoqua. Les autorités politiques et financières grecques, à la tête desquelles la Banque Nationale de grèce, institut d'émission jusqu'en 1928, réussirent à faire admettre aux partenaires internationaux dont ils dépendaient une réforme apparente du système en vigueur dans laquelle cet établissement conserva l'essentiel de ses liens privilégiés avec les caisses et organismes publics et continua à jouer le rôle de prêteur en dernier ressort de la plupart des banques commerciales du pays. La nouvelle Banque de Grèce, quant à elle, se contenta du rôle d'intermédiaire avec le marché des changes sans pouvoir exercer de fait les principales fonctions d'une banque centrale. [eng] Abstract The establishment of a European monetary order, rebuilt around the GES following the Gênes conference of 1922, involved more than simple cooperation between issuing central banks. It involved genuine standardization of central bank practices, which was something the Bank of England and the financial committee of the Society of Nations wanted to make more widespread. To this end, they had no hesitation in imposing their standards on countries that were in dire straits financially and whose currencies needed to be stabilized. The example of Greece, which is expanded upon here, shows the extent of the resistance this policy provoked. The Greek political and financial authorities, headed by the National Bank of Greece, which was an issuing bank until 1928, succeeded in getting the international partners on whom they depended to accept that the system in operation should be reformed. Under this system, the Greek national bank retained most of its preferential links with public funds and organizations and continued to play the role of lender of last resort for most of the country's commercial banks. The new Bank of Greece, meanwhile, contented itself with playing an intermediary role in relation to the exchange markets, without being able to exercise the main functions of a central bank.

Suggested Citation

  • Kostas Kostis, 1999. "Les ambiguïtés de la modernisation : la fondation de la Banque de Grèce (1927-1928)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(4), pages 701-713.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_4_2059
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2059
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2059
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