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Léon Chagnaud : un entrepreneur innovateur dans le secteur des travaux publics

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  • Arnaud Berthonnet

Abstract

[eng] Abstract For a century the Chagnaud company has been a civil engineering firm of the first order. It owes its renown to one man : Léon Chagnaud (1866-1930). Symbol of a generation of entrepreneurs and innovators, this man marked his era professionally, presiding over the Public Works Syndicate from 1911 to 1916, becoming at the end of his life an important politician (senator of the Creuse from 1921 to 1928). The fact that public works are a risky activity necessitating little initial capital was very early on a factor favorizing innovation. Ever since Schumpeter's works (1883-1950), no one has doubted the major importance of innovation, as much a factor of technical progress in general as a fundamental element of company strategy. Léon Chagnaud seized completely the opportunities offered to him at the end of the nineteenth century. From the beginning of the twentieth century, the innovating process has become more and more complex with the passage of time. To carry out monumental works, risks must be limited and to do so, it is preferable to constitute groups of enterprises. Until 1914 the type of innovative builder dominated, but the First World War brought profound changes to the conditions under which the profession operated ; firms turned away more and more from questions of technique to those of management. Léon Chagnaud' s death in 1930 marked the end of an era, in which technical innovation had been one motor of growth in civil engineering. [fre] Résumé L'Entreprise Chagnaud compte depuis plus d'un siècle au nombre des entreprises de travaux publics les plus réputées de France. Elle le doit à un homme : Léon Chagnaud (1866- 1930). Symbole d'une génération d'entrepreneurs et d'innovateurs, cet homme a professionnellement marqué son époque en présidant le Syndicat des travaux publics de 1911 à 1916 et, en devenant, à la fin de sa vie, un homme politique de premier plan (Sénateur de la Creuse de 1921 à 1928). Le fait que les travaux publics soient une activité à risque nécessitant peu de capital initial a constitué très tôt un facteur favorable à l'innovation. Depuis les travaux de Schumpeter (1883-1950), nul ne conteste l'importance majeure de l'innovation, tant comme facteur du progrès technique en général que comme élément fondamental de la stratégie des firmes. Léon Chagnaud a parfaitement saisi les opportunités que lui offrait la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. À partir du début du vingtième siècle, le processus d'innovation devient de plus en plus complexe avec le temps. Pour la réalisation d'œuvres monumentales, il faut limiter les risques et, pour cela, il est préférable de constituer des groupements d'entreprises. Si jusqu'en 1914 domine encore le type de l'entrepreneur innovateur, la première guerre mondiale modifie en profondeur les conditions dans lesquelles s'exercent le métier d'entrepreneur, les firmes se détournant de plus en plus des seules questions techniques au profit de la gestion. Avec la mort de Léon Chagnaud en 1930 s'achève une époque, au cours de laquelle l'innovation technique a constitué l'un des moteurs essentiels de la croissance dans les travaux publics.

Suggested Citation

  • Arnaud Berthonnet, 1999. "Léon Chagnaud : un entrepreneur innovateur dans le secteur des travaux publics," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(3), pages 613-642.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_3_2052
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2052
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2052
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