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La question de l'énergie en Europe occidentale

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  • Alain Beltran

Abstract

[eng] Abstract The recovery of Western Europe was linked a new structure of energy consumption. Coal was still dominant but oil and natural gas became essential. European countries began to import energy from remote countries, reconstruction in Europe means the modernisation of coal industry but the imports from the USA were unavoidable. Often, nationalisations were chosen to improve the results of energy supply industry. In fact, the rebuilding of oil refineries was faster and more efficient than the recovery of coal pits. Finally, western countries chose very different paths for their energy policies till the beginning of CECA in 1951. [fre] Résumé La rennaissance de l'Europe occidentale s'est accompagnée d'une transformation de la structure de la consommation d'énergie : le charbon garde la prépondérance mais les hydrocarbures gagnent des points et les pays européens deviennent de plus en plus dépendants des importations d'énergie. La reconstruction s'est faite dans de nombreux pays par un efffort de modernisation des mines de charbon mais seule la France retrouve sa production d'avant guerre. Ce sont les États-Unis qui ont largement pourvu en charbon l'europe. Les industries charbonnières britanniques et françaises sont nationalisées. Les Britanniques tentent de décartelliser la charbon allemand. Du côté des hudrocarbures, la reconstruction des raffineries a permis d'importer du brut plutôt que des produits raffinés de coût élevé. En définitive, les options énergétiques ont très sensiblement varié dans l'après-guerre jusqu'à la création de la CECA qui essaya de coordonner les politiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Beltran, 1999. "La question de l'énergie en Europe occidentale," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(2), pages 371-382.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_2_2038
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2038
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2038
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