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Mobilisation des entreprises de BTP et reconstruction des infrastructures : une première approche

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  • Dominique Barjot

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Au lendemain du second conflit mondial, les besoins sont énormes. Si dans toute l'Europe occidentale, la reconstruction est rapide, les priorités apparaissent sensiblement différentes : reconstruction des villes en Grande-Bretagne, priorité à la reconstruction du potentiel productif en France. Dans ce processus de reconstruction, les États-Unis tiennent une place essentielle surtout à partir du lancement du Plan Marshall. Dans le cas de la France, il rend possible, par l'entremise du Comptoir Central du Matériel d'Entreprises, une modernisation sans précédent de l'industrie du bâtiment et des travaux publics. Cet effet du Plan Marshall se trouve prolongé par la mise en place de l'OTAN. L'Europe occidentale se couvre de camps militaires et de bases aériennes américaines qui ouvrent d'importants marchés aux entreprises françaises de travaux publics. Ces entreprises se développent de façon spectaculaire en misant sur les techniques béton (Grands Travaux de Marseille, Campenon Bernard, Dumez) ou à base de bitume (Colas, SCREG), qui leur valent de gros marchés à l'étranger. Mais, dans les autres pays européens aussi, l'industrie de la construction se trouve fortement mobilisée, à l'instar de la Grande-Bretagne (les «builders», dont Wimpey fournit un bon exemple) ou, plus tard, de l'Allemagne (à l'instar de Dywidag et Philipp Holzmann). [eng] Abstract Immediately following the second world-wide clash, need is enormous. If, throughout western Europe, reconstruction is advancing apace, priorities present tremendous differences : rebuilding cities in Great Britain, reconstructing a capacity for production in France. The United States play an essential role in this reconstruction process, particularly with the creation of the Marshall Plan. For France, it allows an unprecedented modernisation, through the offices of the Central Counter for Construction Material, of the building and public works industries. This effect of the Marshall Plan is maintained by the construction of NATO. Western Europe is dotted with American military camps and air bases, which create huge markets for French public works companies. These companies develop spectacularly by investing in techniques for cement (Grands Travaux de Marseilles, Campenon Bernard, Dumez) or asphalt (Colas, SCREG) which allow them to make impressive foreign deals. But in other European countries the construction industry is on the move too, witness Wimpey, the builders in Great Britain, and Dywidag and Philipp Holzmann in Germany.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Barjot, 1999. "Mobilisation des entreprises de BTP et reconstruction des infrastructures : une première approche," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(2), pages 349-370.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_2_2037
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2037
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2037
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