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Les difficultés de la reconstruction : le cas de la Finlande, 1944-1948

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  • Niko Rajaniemi

Abstract

[fre] Résumé La reconstruction finlandaise s'est faite dans un climat politique très tendu. La Commission de contrôle des Alliés, présidé par les Soviétiques, s'installa à Helsinki. Les Soviétiques exigèrent des lourdes réparations et interfèrent activement dans la politique intérieure du pays. Tandis que les autres Etats de l'Europe de l'Est tombaient sous le contrôle soviétique, la Finlande put maintenir son indépendance et ses relations commerciales libres. Pourtant, l'Union soviétique exigea d'elle de se tenir en dehors de la coopération multilatérale, empêchant ainsi la participation de la Finlande au Plan Marshall. Malgré la situation instable de la Finlande, les États-Unis décidèrent d'accorder des nombreux crédits au pays, voulant soutenir ses efforts en vue de résister le communisme. L'exportation du bois nécessaire à la reconstruction européenne permit au pays de faire des profits considérables, ce qui contribua considérablement au redressement de l'économie nationale d'après-guerre. [eng] Abstract The reconstruction of Finland was achieved in a tense political atmosphere. The Allied Control Commission was established in Helsinki and headed by the Soviets. The Russians insisted on considerable reparations payments and interfered actively in Finnish domestic politics. Finland could maintain her independence while the other countries of Eastern Europe fell under the control of the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union demanded Finland to remain outside of multilateral co-operation, preventing Finland to participate in the Marshall Plan. Despite the unstable political situation of the country, the United States agreed to grant several loans for Finland, willing to support her efforts to resist communism. The export of wood for the reconstruction of Europe allowed Finland to make considerable profits, which contributed also to the recovery of her post-war economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Niko Rajaniemi, 1999. "Les difficultés de la reconstruction : le cas de la Finlande, 1944-1948," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(2), pages 325-347.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_2_2035
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2035
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2035
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