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L'évolution agraire et sociale des Lowlands d'Écosse de 1680 à 1815

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  • Thomas M. Devine
  • Hannah Collings

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Cet article décrit les grandes transformations survenues dans les basses terres d'Ecosse au XVIIIe siècle : les fermes furent amalgamées en grandes unités ; la classe des cottars disparut ; l'efficacité de l'agriculture fut grandement améliorée. C'est le monde qui précède ces bouleversements agraires qui est ici décrit, avant que ne soient analysés le rythme et la nature des changements. L'accent est particulièrement mis sur la diversité des mécanismes qui ont permis la croissance de la productivité de l'agriculture. Le rôle des propriétaires fonciers dans ce processus est clairement défini et les conséquences sociales du rassemblement des terres sur la dépossession paysanne, les résistances et les migrations sont pleinement étudiées. [eng] Abstract This paper describes the great changes which lowland rural Scotland experienced in the eighteenth century. Farms were consolidated into larger units, the cottar class disappeared and the efficiency of agriculture improved markedly. The world before agrarian transformation is explored and the pace and nature of change analysed. Emphasis is given to the range of mechanisms by which agricultural productivity was boosted. The role of landlords in the process is delineated and the social impact of land consolidation on peasant dispossession, resistance and migration discussed at length.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas M. Devine & Hannah Collings, 1999. "L'évolution agraire et sociale des Lowlands d'Écosse de 1680 à 1815," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(1), pages 157-185.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_1_2023
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2023
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2023
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