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Les maisons des ponts parisiens à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : étude d'un phénomène architectural et urbain particulier

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  • Youri Carbonnier

Abstract

[eng] Abstract The presence of inhabited bridges in Paris at the end of the 18th century is still unknown. The houses on parisian bridges, pulled down in 1788, are fit in with the architecture of their time, copying its forms and ideas. Nevertheless these houses show their own features. The first one is that their architecture is in accordance with a complete town planning programme, in a particularly important location crossed by anyone crossing Paris. In fact, inhabited bridges are the only completely achieved urban and architectural reasoned project of modern Paris, save place Royal and place Dauphine. Inhabited bridges result also from a speculative project : houses are conceived to be used as a letting concern with the shop as main component, converting the bridge into a real commercial street. The last specific characteristic, which is not to be seen elsewhere in Paris, lies in the back part of the ground floor which is split into two different levels, as a clever answer to the lack of space in these cramped houses. Although parisian bridge houses had lost their original magnificent appearance on the eve of French Revolution, they represented an impressive example of a specific architectural phenomenon. [fre] Résumé La présence de ponts habités à Paris à la fin du XVIIIe siècle reste peu étudiée. Les maisons des ponts parisiens, démolies vers 1788, s'inscrivent dans l'architecture de leur temps, dont elles reproduisent les formes et les idées. Néanmoins, elles présentent des caractéristiques propres. La première est la conformité de l'architecture à un programme architectural et urba- nistique, particulièrement important en un lieu qui reste le passage obligé de quiconque traverse Paris. En fait, les ponts habités représentent l'unique projet parisien d'architecture et d'urbanisme raisonnes véritablement achevé à l'époque moderne, les places Royale et Dauphine mises à part. Les ponts habités sont également le résultat d'une opération immobilière lucrative : les maisons y sont conçues dès le départ comme des immeubles de rapport dont la boutique est l'élément principal, transformant le pont en une véritable rue commerciale. La dernière caractéristique est un décalage de niveaux au rez-de-chaussée qui permet un gain de place dans ces maisons exiguës et ne se retrouve nulle part ailleurs dans Paris. À la veille de la Révolution, les maisons de ponts parisiennes ont certes perdu leur majestueuse apparence originale, mais elles n'en représentent pas moins un exemple impressionnant d'un phénomène architectural particulier.

Suggested Citation

  • Youri Carbonnier, 1998. "Les maisons des ponts parisiens à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : étude d'un phénomène architectural et urbain particulier," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 17(4), pages 711-723.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1998_num_17_4_2009
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1998.2009
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1998.2009
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