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Entreprises et marchés du médicament en Europe occidentale des années 1880 à la fin des années 1960

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  • Sophie Chauveau

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Née au XIXe siècle, l'industrie pharmaceutique apparaît comme l'un des secteurs phares de la Seconde Révolution Industrielle. Entre 1830 et 1880 se multiplient les fabriques de drogues, d'alcaloïdes puis de spécialités. Le médicament commence à se standardiser. Cette évolution s'accélère entre 1880 et la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale grâce aux progrès de la chimie organique, aux travaux de Pasteur et au perfectionnement des techniques de fabrication. La demande de médicaments est stimulée par la croissance de la population urbaine, elle est aussi entretenue par le recours à la publicité. Dès Г entre-deux-guerres, la recherche devient le support de l'activité des entreprises pharmaceutiques et fait de l'industrie pharmaceutique une activité « science-based ». L'accès aux soins se démocratise avec l'élargissement des systèmes de protection sociale. À partir des années 1950, l'essor de l'industrie pharmaceutique repose sur la multiplication des innovations et la croissance des marchés. Les premières multinationales apparaissent. La demande de santé commence à évoluer vers une demande de bien-être. L'ensemble de ces transformations est favorisé tout au long de la période par le rôle croissant de la science et des interventions de l'État. [eng] Abstract. The pharmaceutical industry constitutes one of the leading activities of the Second Industrialization. Between 1830 and 1880, many factories of drugs, alkaloids and pharmaceuti- cals appear. Pharmaceutical industry begins to standardize the production. This movement goes fastly between 1880 and the end of First World War, owing to the development of organic chemistry, the discoveries of Pasteur and his colleagues and the technical progress. The demand of pharmaceuticals is encouraged by the growth of urban population and also supported by advertising. During the inter-war years, scientific research becomes the founding of the whole business of the firms and pharmaceutical industry may be considered as a science-based industry. The development of social insurance help the access to medicine and pharmaceuticals for more and more people. Since the 1950 's, the growth of pharmaceutical industry is assumed by the great number of therapeutic innovations and the increase of the markets. The health demand goes to a demand of personal welfare. All these changes during XX'h century were made possible by the increasing part of science and State in the economics and socials of the nations.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Chauveau, 1998. "Entreprises et marchés du médicament en Europe occidentale des années 1880 à la fin des années 1960," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 17(1), pages 49-81.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1998_num_17_1_1974
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1998.1974
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1998.1974
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