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Stratégies matrimoniales en milieu protestant. Quelques réseaux familiaux messins au XVIIe siècle

Author

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  • Marie-José Laperche-Fournel

Abstract

[eng] Abstract In the 17 th century, Metz looked like a Protestant citadel; though situated in a French Calvinism outpost, surrounded by rival faiths-militant Catholicism of the Spanish territories or of the Lorraine duchies and the Saarlands Lutherranism - the Reformed community of Metz, one inhabitant out of three about 1620 and one out of five in 1684 (4381 members) will develop, thanks to marriages, plural strategies to remain "among themselves". The religious exclusiveness, the scantiness of the matrimonial market, and the search for social homogamy in the end restricted the alliances game to the field of affined and consanguineous parenthood as is revealed by the inter-marriages networks reconstructed for three Reformed high bourgeoisie lineages of this city, among a 150 families corpus. In the short term, the art of alliances in Metz in the 17th century was the art of survival for the Huguenots : when Revocation burst upon them, given a redoubtable inner unity, they were very cohesive in adversity at home or in exile. In the long run, on the other hand, making unsafe unions within prohibited parents circles could only lead to genetic weakness of this group but, in 1686, persecution explosed the community. [fre] Résumé Metz, au XVIIe siècle, fait figure de citadelle protestante; pourtant située aux avant-postes du calvinisme français, encerclée par des confessions rivales — le catholicisme militant des Pays-Bas espagnols ou des duchés lorrains et le luthéranisme des pays sarrois - la communauté réformée messine, un habitant sur trois vers 1620 et un sur cinq en 1684 (4381 membres) va développer, grâce aux mariages, des stratégies plurielles pour rester « entre soi ». L'exclusivisme religieux, l'exiguïté du marché matrimonial, et la recherche de l'homogamie sociale finit par rétrécir au champ de la parenté affine et consanguine le jeu des alliances comme le révèlent les réseaux d'inter-mariages reconstitués pour trois lignages de la haute bourgeoisie réformée de la ville, au sein d'un corpus de 150 familles. A court terme, l'art des alliances, à Metz, au XVIIe siècle, a été, pour les huguenots, l'art de la survie : quand éclatera la Révocation, dotés d'une redoutable cohésion interne, ils seront très solidaires entre eux dans l'adversité, sur place et en exil. A long terme, en revanche, pratiquer sans prudence les unions dans les cercles des parents prohibés ne pouvait conduire qu'à l'appauvrissement génétique du groupe si, en 1686, la persécution n'avait fait éclater l'isolat...

Suggested Citation

  • Marie-José Laperche-Fournel, 1997. "Stratégies matrimoniales en milieu protestant. Quelques réseaux familiaux messins au XVIIe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(4), pages 617-646.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1997_num_16_4_1967
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1997.1967
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1997.1967
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