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L'environnement en Union soviétique : perspective historique et problèmes actuels

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  • Marie-Pierre Rey

Abstract

[fre] Résumé C'est en 1985-86 qu'un intérêt pour les questions écologiques est apparu en Russie. Il a mis à jour une situation alarmante, marquée par la permanence du risque nucléaire, une forte pollution atmosphérique, et la contamination chimique des sols, des sous-sols et des eaux, avec des cas très critiques, - mer d'Aral, lac Baikal, lac Ladoga. Ces dommages, aux effets sanitaires patents, - progression du nombre de cancers, malformations croissantes chez les nouveaux-nés -, sont liés aux conditions dans lesquelles s'est effectué le développement soviétique : culte du machinisme, gigantisme des projets industriels, monoculture intensive, arbitraire des choix dans une planification imposée par Moscou sans consultation des régions. Aujourd'hui, la sauvegarde de l'environnement est une priorité de l'État russe et des efforts ont été accomplis. Mais la crise économique et financière qui affecte la Russie n'est guère propice aux actions de long terme, pourtant nécessaires. [eng] Abstract Environmental concerns have appeared in Russia in 1985-86. They have drawn attention on an alarming situation, characterized by chronic nuclear risks and a high atmospherical pollution and chemical contamination of soil, subsoil and waters — with some very critical instances : Aral Sea, lake Baikal, lake Ladoga. Those harms have manifest health effects - such as increases in the number of cancer cases and of child malformations — and are linked to the characteristics of Soviet development : cult of mechanization, gigantism of industrial projects, intensive monoculture, arbitrary choices in centralized planning without regional consultations. Today, the conservation of environment is one of Russia State 's priorities and efforts are being made. But the economic and financial crisis which affects Russia is not favorable to long-term actions, even necessary ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie-Pierre Rey, 1997. "L'environnement en Union soviétique : perspective historique et problèmes actuels," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(3), pages 523-531.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1997_num_16_3_1962
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1997.1962
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1997.1962
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