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Entreprises et environnement en France : aux origines d'une prise de conscience

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  • Daniel Boullet

Abstract

[fre] Résumé En dépit d'une législation pourtant ancienne et sévère, l'industrie française, pendant longtemps, ne s'intéresse guère aux nuisances. Deux tournants, l'un entre 1958 et 1961, l'autre autour de 1970, ont amorcé un changement. Guidés surtout par diverses nécessités concrètes, s'appuyant aussi sur les évolutions de l'opinion, les pouvoirs publics exercèrent dans le phénomène une influence majeure. Le contexte défini pour les entreprises varia cependant, tantôt dirigiste (eau, risque majeur), tantôt libéral (air, déchets). Si la dynamique première fut d'origine française, une seconde, d'origine extérieure au pays, la renforça après 1970. Les pressions internationales, tant réglementaires que commerciales, ont ainsi largement contribué à donner du corps et du crédit aux contraintes environnementales. [eng] Abstract In spite of a long-existing harsh legislation, the French industry didn't use to be very much interested in nuisances. Two turning points initiated a change, one was from 1958 to 1961, the other around 1970. Driven mostly by various concrete needs, but also leaning on the evolution of public opinion, the authorities had a major influence on this phenomenon. However, the context specified for companies varied : at times interventionist (for water or major industrial catastrophes), at times liberal (air, waste). While the first dynamics originated in France, it was given impetus after 1970 by a second movement coming from abroad. So, international pressure due both to regulations and trade widely contributed to the backing up of environmental constraints.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Boullet, 1997. "Entreprises et environnement en France : aux origines d'une prise de conscience," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(3), pages 471-482.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1997_num_16_3_1959
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1997.1959
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1997.1959
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