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La naissance du paysage industriel en Grande-Bretagne : l'exemple des West Midlands

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  • Isabelle Lescent-Giles

Abstract

[eng] Abstract This article tries to assess the environmental impact of the First Industrial Revolution in XVIIIth an XlXth Century Britain through the example of the West Midlands, cradle of the modern iron and steel industry. The study confirms the Dickensian picture of fumes, fires and factory chimneys towering above long rows of working class housing, but also stresses the other side of the story for many inhabitants : improved sanitation, better standard of housing and the emergence of urban sporting and leisure facilities. But its main emphasis is to show the diversity of industrial scenary, with the three examples of Birmingham, a big and modern industrial town, proud of its civic facilities and remodeled urban architecture, of the Black Country, an juxtaposition of long standing small towns sporting their many crafts and small workshops becoming in the course of the XlXth Century an urban conurbation, and of one- industry company towns emerging in the course of the XlXth Century on the Eastern fringe of the coalfield. [fre] Résumé Cet article étudie la naissance du paysage industriel britannique aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles à travers l'exemple des West Midlands, berceau de la Révolution industrielle et grand centre métallurgique. Il confirme l'image dickensienne des pays noirs (fumées et pollution, cheminées d'usine à perte de vue, cités ouvrières aux alignements monotones et insalubres), mais invite à la nuancer par la comparaison avec les conditions de vie dans les campagnes environnantes. Il souligne aussi la diversité des paysages industriels, dont les West Midlands offrent trois exemples : celui de la grande ville industrielle moderne, fière de ses réalisations en matière d'architecture et d'infrastructures urbaines, avec Birmingham; celui d'un vieux centre artisanal et urbain dominé par la petite et moyenne entreprise et la polyindustrie, avec le Black Country. Enfin, celui des villes d'entreprise dans l'Est du Bassin houiller, dominées par la monoindustrie et la grande usine paternaliste.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabelle Lescent-Giles, 1997. "La naissance du paysage industriel en Grande-Bretagne : l'exemple des West Midlands," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(3), pages 439-452.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1997_num_16_3_1956
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1997.1956
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1997.1956
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