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Une nouvelle stratégie de reproduction : les organisations patronales agraires européennes (1868-1914)

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  • Maria Malatesta

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Au tournant du siècle dernier, en Europe, l'industrialisation, l'urbanisation et l'apparition des premiers mouvements sociaux menacent le pouvoir des aristocraties foncières. Toutefois, au contact de ces transformations globales, les aristocraties ne disparaissent pas et, au moins jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale, elles continuent d'occuper une place importante même dans les pays plus industrialisés. Dans ce contexte, Passociationnisme agraire européen, à la fin du siècle, ne représente pas seulement une forme d'adaptation de l'ancienne classe foncière au changement socio-économique, mais aussi un instrument apte à garantir sa pérennité. Les premières formes de l'associationnisme agraire peuvent donc être étudiées comme des organisations productrices d'information et créatrices de réseaux de communication. L'analyse proposée dans cet article insère l'étude des organisations agraires dans le contexte de l'histoire comparée. Cette approche comparative permet en effet de mettre en évidence le poids exercé par le contexte socioéconomique national sur la structure, l'évolution et le succès des organisations créées dans différents pays avec des objectifs communs. La comparaison entre les diverses dynamiques organisationnelles est révélatrice des spécificités et elle illustre comment le patronat agraire européen, au tournant du siècle, éprouve des difficultés à poursuivre les propres objectifs de ces associations et à renoncer à la logique de l'action individuelle pour embrasser celle de l'action collective. [eng] Abstract Towards the end of the last century, the power of aristocratic landowners in Europe was threatened by industrialisation, urbanisation, and the appearance of the first social movements. Despite these threats, the aristocracy remained, and held an important position in even the most industrialised of countries, at least until the First World War. In the context, European land associationism, at the end of th 19th Century, represented not only a form of changing from the old landowner classes to social and economical change, but also an instrument capable of proving its own durability. The first forms of land associationism can therefore be studied as information-producing and communication network-creating organisations. The analysis proposed in this article inserts the study of land organisations into the context of comparative history. Such an approach allows the extent of the pressure of the national social and economical context, on the structure, evolution, and the success of organisations created in different countries, but with the same objectives, to be shown. The comparison between the different organisational dynamics reveals the specifities, and shows how the chief European landowners, at the end of the 19th Century, had difficulties in pursuing the real objectives of these associations, and in renouncing the logic of individual action in order to embrace that of collective action.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Malatesta, 1997. "Une nouvelle stratégie de reproduction : les organisations patronales agraires européennes (1868-1914)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(2), pages 203-219.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1997_num_16_2_1942
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1997.1942
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1997.1942
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