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La symbolique des noms de navires de guerre dans la marine française (1661-1815)

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  • Martine Acerra

Abstract

[fre] Résumé 969 noms différents ont été donnés aux 1376 vaisseaux et frégates ayant formé la flotte militaire française de Louis XIV à Napoléon 1er. Ces différents vocables quelquefois repris, noms ou adjectifs parfois d'origine mythologique, rarement de référence religieuse, évoquent quatre thèmes principaux : la mer, la guerre, la souveraineté, la géographie. Sous Louis XIV, la brutale augmentation numérique de la flotte permet au souverain d'en donner une image royale, étatique et indépendante du privé comme du local. Le thème guerrier progresse au XVIIIe siècle en adéquation avec le changement de la guerre sur mer en une véritable entreprise de destruction. En parallèle, on remarque la disparition presque complète du thème maritime au cours des périodes révolutionnaire et impériale qui sont aussi l'occasion d'affirmer une légitimité différente. L'Empire montre une nette propension à « continentaliser » la marine par le biais d'appellations nouvelles. Le terrestre l'emporte sur le maritime. La flotte devient le miroir des conquêtes territoriales et des victoires, comme si nommer un vaisseau Austerlitz effaçait le désastre de Trafalgar. [eng] Abstract From Louis XIVth to Napoleon 1st, the french military fleet was made of 1376 ships of the line and frigates which were given 969 different names. These idioms (either names or adjectives) sometimes derive from myth, and rarely from religion. They mainly refer to four main themes : the see, war, sovereignty, geography. During the regn of Louis XIVth, a sudden increase in the number of ships allowed the king to show a royal and the state image, independent from the private sector and also from local interests. The importance of the war theme grows as war at see turns into a planned and massive destruction. The revolutionary and imperial eras allowed to show a different legitimacy. In those days, the navy theme was disappearing almost completely. The Empire was clearly trying to achieve a kind of continentilization with the help of new names. The « ground » theme takes over the navy one. The fleet matches territorial conquests and victories, as if calling a ship Austerlitz could suppress the Trafalgar « disaster ».

Suggested Citation

  • Martine Acerra, 1997. "La symbolique des noms de navires de guerre dans la marine française (1661-1815)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(1), pages 45-61.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1997_num_16_1_1934
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1997.1934
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1997.1934
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