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Regards sur la banlieue bordelaise au XIXe siècle

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  • Josette Pontet

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Est-il pertinent d'employer le terme de banlieue pour désigner les communes suburbaines de Bordeaux au XIXe siècle, alors que le sens juridique initial du mot a disparu avec la Révolution et que la définition que lui ont donné les géographes, « un espace urbain en voie d'urbanisation », ne sera pas remplie avant la fin du siècle? Pour les Bordelais de la première moitié du XIXe siècle, c'est une notion qui reste vivante. Les banlieues de la rive gauche comme de la rive droite conservent un aspect rural indéniable, qui font justement d'elles des banlieues, alors que les zones les plus urbaines ou les plus urbanisées sont annexées à la ville. Mais leurs caractères ruraux ne les assimilent en rien au plat pays dont elles se distinguent par une croissance démographique forte. Elles représentent un modèle de banlieue d'une grande ville tertiaire, dont le développement est avant tout fondé sur les fonctions d'approvisionnement et de services. La notion de banlieue apparaît donc indépendante de l'implantation d'usines et d'une intense urbanisation, qui ne se produira que dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle et fera des communes de la proche banlieue, des villes de banlieue. [eng] Abstract The term "suburb" is not necessarily apt when refering to the suburban districts of Bordeaux in the 19th century, as the initial juridical meaning of the word disappeared at the time of the 1789 Revolution, and its definition as « an urban area in the process of being urbanized » was not given by the geographists before the end of the century. For the people of the Bordeaux region in the first half of the 19th century, it was a notion that was still very much alive. The suburbs on both the south and north banks of the river kept and undeniably rural appearance, whereas the most urban and urbanized areas annexed the town. But their rural aspect did not in any way assimilate them to these lowlands, from which they stood out due to their high demographic growth. They represented a model of the suburbs of a large tertiary town, of which the development was first and foremost based on the function of supplies and services. The notion of a suburb appears therefore to have been independent of the introduction of factories and intense urbanization, which only happened in the second half of the 20th century, and created small towns and villages of the inner-suburbs of the towns on the outskirts.

Suggested Citation

  • Josette Pontet, 1996. "Regards sur la banlieue bordelaise au XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 15(3), pages 405-415.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1996_num_15_3_1880
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1996.1880
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1996.1880
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