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Éthique protestante et philanthropie libérale : le cas mulhousien au XIXe siècle

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  • Marie-Claire Vitoux

Abstract

[fre] Résumé L'article s'efforce d'analyser, à partir du cas de Mulhouse, ville calviniste et industrielle, le lien entre l'éthique calviniste de l'élite urbaine et sa philanthropie libérale. Dès les années 1820, le patronat prend conscience et connaissance de la « question sociale ». Tout en y voyant pour une part la conséquence de l'immoralité, il l'explique surtout, à l'image d'un R. Owen, par l'influence des circonstances néfastes qui empêchent l'homme de réaliser le dessein que Dieu a pour lui. Cette lecture de la misère leur permet d'agir et de développer une philanthropie de tutelle bien éloignée de la logique de la New Poor Law anglaise. Au cœur de la réflexion sociale des élites mulhousiennes se situe la notion de Travail, de nature double puisqu'à la fois morale et économique : travail pour réaliser le dessein de Dieu et travail comme source de richesse et d'utilité sociale. L'article se termine par un essai d'analyse des facteurs ayant contribué, au début du XIXe siècle, au renouvellement de l'éthique protestante de cette élite urbaine, renouvellement qui l'a rendu capable de prendre en charge les relations sociales durant un siècle. [eng] Abstract This paper tries to analyse, from the exemple of the industrial and calvinist town of Mulhouse, the link between the calvinist ethics of the urban elite and its liberal philanthropy. As early as the 1820' s, the manufacturers had a clear consciousness and knowledge of the « working class question ». While analysing it as a consequence of demoralization, they specially stressed, as R. Owen did, the influence of the negative factors which do not enable men to realize the will of God for themselves. This analysis of pauperism was an incentive to action and they developed a tutelary philanthropy quite opposed to the logic of the British New Poor Law. This social reflexion is organized by the notion of Work, with its double nature, both moral and economic : work in order to realize the Will of God and work as source of wealth and of social utility. The paper ends by trying to analyse the different elements which at the beginning of the XlXth century contributed to the renewal of the protestant ethics of this urban elite, renewal which enabled it to deal and cope with the social relationships for a century.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie-Claire Vitoux, 1995. "Éthique protestante et philanthropie libérale : le cas mulhousien au XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(4), pages 595-607.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_4_1792
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1995.1792
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1995.1792
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