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Banquiers privés et industrie allemande de 1900 à 1933

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  • Harald Wixforth

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Les banques privées allemandes avaient tenté, avant 1900, de préserver une gamme d'activités aussi large que possible. Après 1900 la concurrence farouche des grandes banques berlinoises les a cependant forcé à trouver des niches de survie leur permettant de se maintenir. Leur nombre a fortement diminué, ce qui a induit les historiens à sous-estimer manifestement leur puissance réelle. Un nombre non négligeable d'entre elles a réussi à s'imposer comme les intermédiaires indispensables dans la négociation d'emprunts internationaux. Car elles étaient en état de fournir ce que les grandes banques n'étaient pas en mesure d'offrir : la rapidité des décisions et la solidité de leur crédit extérieur. Elles ont donc singulièrement facilité la stabilisation financière des grandes entreprises charbonnières et métallurgiques après la première guerre mondiale, et même après 1929. Les grandes banques (sociétés anonymes) étaient en effet handicapées par leur centralisation excessive, combinée à une hiérarchisation dommageable des prises de décision. C'est donc la souplesse et la rapidité de décision qui ont été les facteurs décisifs de la survie, jusqu'en 1933, de ces banques privées, héritières de leur expérience commerciale et financière ancienne. [eng] Abstract As a result of this article one has to state, that many private banking houses had undergone a change in their relative position in the functioning of the banking system between 1900 and 1933. In the nineteenth century private banks had developed the 'mixed banking' practices and at the end of the century even those in the centres tried to preserve a wide range of activities. As the competitive pressure, particularly from the provincial joint stock banks, had become too strong, the private bankers had to find a niche in the banking mechanism in order to survive. The quantitative decline in the number of private banks has led to an unwarranted overestimation of their relative decline in importance for the functioning of the universal banking system. Until the end of the Weimar Republic a significant number of private banks had been able to stand the competition of the great banks and survived by the provision of services which the great banks were on principle (because of the administrative centralization and the necessary bureaucratization and hierarchization of management decisions) or at least at times (mediation of foreign credits during the stabilisation crisis) unable to provide.

Suggested Citation

  • Harald Wixforth, 1994. "Banquiers privés et industrie allemande de 1900 à 1933," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(4), pages 677-696.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_4_1719
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1994.1719
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1994.1719
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