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Les relations franco-allemandes et les bains mondains d'Outre-Rhin

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  • Nathalie Mangin

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle — siècle qui a consacré l'essor sans précédent du thermalisme -, quelques grandes stations d'Allemagne sont pendant la «saison» les phares de la vie mondaine européenne. A Baden-Baden (la «Capitale d'été de l'Europe»), comme à Ems, ou Wiesbaden, ont pris l'habitude de se retrouver de nombreux souverains et les élites cosmopolites de l'Europe entière. La vogue de ces bains allemands repose sur différents facteurs dont la qualité des eaux minérales semble souvent le moindre. Le jeu, une brillante vie mondaine et artistique et une publicité habile ont au milieu du siècle fondé ce succès des stations d'outre-Rhin, où l'influence française tient également une place de premier plan. La guerre franco-prussienne, sonne le glas de l'apparente harmonie des relations franco-allemandes qui s'exprimait jusqu'en 1870 dans l'importante fréquentation française outre-Rhin. En 1871, une ardente campagne patriotique est inaugurée dans la presse thermale française qui s'initie à la fois à l'hostilité anti-germanique et à la défense des intérêts économiques français qu'elle avait jusque là trop négligés au profit des stations d'outre-Rhin. Jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale, qui consommera la faillite de cette vie de villégiature thermale, cette rivalité empêchera la société aristocratique cosmopolite de retrouver une station qui fasse l'unanimité internationale. [eng] Abstract The second half of the nineteenth century saw an uncommon rise of watering places. During the "season", a handful of German spas were the hearts of European fashionable life. Baden-Baden (the summer capital city of Europe), Ems or Wiesbaden attracted a great number of sovereigns and the cosmopolitan elites of the whole Europe. The success of these German resorts, which were under the French influence, rested on different causes and the quality of mineral water was the last one. In the middle of the century, it was rather founded on gambling, glittering artistic and fashionable life and skillful advertising campaings. The Franco-Prussian war put a stop to the conspicuous harmony of the Franco-German relations. In 1871, the French thermal press started a passionate and patriotic campaign against the German spas and for the benefit of the national economic interests, which were until then neglected. The Great War destroyed this life of holiday and the hostility between France and Germany prevented the aristocratic and cosmopolitan elites to find a new international spa.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie Mangin, 1994. "Les relations franco-allemandes et les bains mondains d'Outre-Rhin," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(4), pages 649-675.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_4_1718
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1994.1718
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1994.1718
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