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Femmes, villes et travail en France dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle

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  • Sabine Juratic
  • Nicole Pellegrin

Abstract

[eng] Abstract As one investigates the activities of women among the 18th century working classes in cities as different from each other as Paris and Châtellerault, one feels the need to ask new questions about women's labour. The comparing of their situations in divers towns compels the historian to qualify the notion that the standard of living of working women progressively deteriorated during the «Ancien Régime». At a moment when the structures of the world of labour, organised as it was in trade communities, were shattered by Turgot' s reforms, the importance of women's labour within as well as without the trade organisations, and also the diversity of their legal status according to their places of work compels the historian to reassert their roles in urban economy and production. Their general situation cannot be considered as one of progressive dispossession even though the nature and the specific timing of their employments tend to betray an undeniable brittleness. [fre] Résumé Le repérage de la présence féminine dans le monde du travail à la fin du XVIIIe siècle dans des villes aussi différentes que Paris et Châtellerault invite à renouveler certaines interrogations concernant le travail des femmes. Cette mise en parallèle conduit notamment à nuancer le schéma d'une détérioration progressive de la situation des femmes au cours de l'Ancien Régime. A un moment où l'organisation professionnelle en communautés de métier est remise en cause par les réformes de Turgot, l'importance du travail féminin pratiqué hors des métiers, mais aussi, au sein même des corporations, la diversité des évolutions locales de la situation statutaire des femmes, incitent à réévaluer leur rôle dans la production et l'économie urbaines. Celui-ci ne saurait s'exprimer uniquement en terme de dépossession, même si les caractéristiques et la temporalité spécifique du travail exercé par les femmes trahissent une indéniable fragilité.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabine Juratic & Nicole Pellegrin, 1994. "Femmes, villes et travail en France dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(3), pages 477-500.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_3_1708
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1994.1708
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1994.1708
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