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La France et les révolutions manquées à l'Est

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  • Bela Farago

Abstract

[eng] Abstract The author considers French attitudes towards the developments which took place in Eastern Europe from 1956 to 1989, from three different approaches : the geopolitical situation of France in relation to the Communist empire, the dual character of the Soviet Union — both great military power and conquering ideological system, and the exact timing of each one of the «failed revolutions». The latter were stages in a process during which drastic changes took place. In the late 1980's, France was no longer «in the Second line», as she had been facing the Soviet Union, a position which had allowed de Gaulle's foreign policy some freedom of manœuvre. Like wise , as crises happened in Eastern Europe, marxist and socialist ideology gradually lost its ascendancy over the French intelligentsia. In comparison with the present situation, in which France is again on the front line, with — or facing — Germany, the period of the anti-totalitarian revolutions in Eastern Europe looks like a prehistory, which definitively belongs to the past. [fre] Résumé L'auteur envisage l'attitude française face aux événements survenus en Europe de l'Est entre 1956 et 1989 en faisant intervenir trois dimensions : la situation géopolitique de la France par rapport à l'empire communiste, la double dimension de l'URSS, à la fois grande puissance militaire et système idéologique conquérant, et le moment précis où survient chacune des révolutions manquées. Ces dernières marquent autant d'étapes au cours desquelles la donne initiale se transforme radicalement. A la fin des années 80, la France n'est plus en «seconde ligne» comme elle le fut face à l'URSS, ce qui assurait à la politique étrangère gaulliste une certaine liberté de manœuvre. De même, au fur et à mesure des crises de l'Est, l'idéologie marxiste et socialiste a progressivement perdu son hégémonie dans l'intelligentsia française. Par rapport à la situation actuelle, où la France se retrouve — avec ou face à l'Allemagne — en première ligne, l'époque des révolutions antitotalitaires de l'Est apparaît comme une préhistoire définitivement révolue.

Suggested Citation

  • Bela Farago, 1994. "La France et les révolutions manquées à l'Est," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 153-167.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_1_1737
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1994.1737
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1994.1737
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