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La Grande-Bretagne et la communauté économique européenne (1958-1963)

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  • Anne Deighton

Abstract

[eng] Abstract The difficulties, which Britain had to face when she wanted to join the EEC, have their roots in the shortcomings of her European policy since 1945 ; «atlanticist» and hostile to supra-national organisations, the British were not attracted by the plans for European integration, and they withdrew from the Messina conference (november 1955). The Free Trade area project was intended as an engine of war against the EEC, but it failed in that respect and EFTA rather became a burden to Britain. Negotiations for a rapprochement of CEE and EFTA were brought to a halt by General de Gaulle's first veto (november 1958), a forgotten, but significant episode. In 1959-60, H.M.G. and Whitehall made a thorough reassessment of british policy (specially through the «Lee committee»). This led to the application for entry into the EEC in July 1961, but its timing and form were rather clumsy. The decision belonged to de Gaulle, whom the British vainly tried to coax by offering some «nuclear bargain». They were in a weak position and not properly supported by the U.S.A. Actually, de Gaulle had decided to veto the british application, before the Kennedy-Macmillan encounter in Nassau. The author is critical of British diplomacy, its procrastination and its illusions. [fre] Résumé Les difficultés auxquelles s'est heurtée la Grande-Bretagne, quand elle a voulu entrer dans la CEE ont leurs origines dans les déficiences de sa politique européenne depuis 1945 ; «atlantique», hostile à la supra-nationalité, elle a été réticente devant les projets de construction européenne, elle s'est retirée de la conférence de Messine en 1955. Elle a lancé en vain le projet de zone de libre-échange comme machine de guerre contre la CEE, mais cette organisation a été en fait un fardeau pour elle. Les négociations pour rapprocher AELE et CEE se terminèrent par un premier veto du Général de Gaulle, en novembre 1958, qui est oublié, mais fut important. Le gouvernement de Londres procéda ensuite à un réexamen approfondi de sa position (notamment par le «Comité Lee»). Cette réflexion aboutit à la demande d'adhésion à la CEE en juillet 1961, mais celle-ci fut faite maladroitement et à un moment mal choisi. Tout dépendait du Général de Gaulle, mais les Britanniques ne réussirent pas à l'amadouer par l'offre d'un «marché nucléaire». Ils se trouvaient en position de faiblesse, mal soutenus en plus par les États-Unis. Avant même l'entrevue Kennedy- Macmillan à Nassau, de Gaulle avait décidé de mettre son «veto». L'auteur est sévère pour la diplomatie britannique, ses atermoiements, ses illusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Deighton, 1994. "La Grande-Bretagne et la communauté économique européenne (1958-1963)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 113-130.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_1_1733
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1994.1733
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1994.1733
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