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La Grande-Bretagne, la France et la crise de Suez

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  • Keith Kyle

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Le Moyen-Orient était un terrain traditionnel de rivalités et de désaccords entre la Grande-Bretagne et la France, et cela restait le cas dans les années 1950, p. ex. à propos du Pacte de Bagdad et des fournitures d'armes à Israël. Soudain, la nationalisation de la Compagnie du Canal de Suez par Nasser (26 juillet 1956) rapprocha les deux pays, qui, trois mois plus tard, entreprirent ensemble une expédition contre l'Egypte. Mais la préparation de cette opération — qui est analysée en détails — ne se déroula pas sans de multiples divergences entre dirigeants politiques et militaires de Londres et de Paris, divergence aggravées par l'attitude ambiguiïe des Etats-Unis. Une des principales difficultés était le problème de la collaboration avec Israël, recherchée par les Français, redoutée par les Britanniques. Finalement, néanmoins, la «collusion» avec Israël fournit un fort bon prétexte pour une intervention militaire franco-britannique. Sur le terrain même, la collaboration entre militaires des deux pays ne fut pas sans nuages, et surtout le gouvernement britannique, affolé par la chute de la livre sterling, imposa l'arrêt des opérations à son allié qui y répugnait. Peu après, les relations franco-britanniques au Moyen-Orient retrouvèrent leur animosité habituelle. [eng] Abstract Britain and France have traditionally been rivals in the Middle East, and disagreement between them was still frequent in the 1950's, f.i. about the Baghdad Pact and the supply of armaments to Israël. Suddenly, the nationalisation of the Suez Canal Company by Colonel Nasser (26 July 1956) brought about a rapprochement between the two countries, and eventually, three months later, they launched a joint expedition against Egypt. The preparation of this operation, which is carefully analysed, involved many disagreements between British and French political and military leaders ; they were aggravated by the ambiguous attitude of the U.S.A. One of the main difficulties was about collaboration with Israël, which the French wanted and the British hated. Eventually, however, «collusion» with Israël supplied a good pretext for a franco-british military intervention. Still, cooperation on the ground between the French and British military was not cloudless. And the British government, which the fall of sterling terrified, imposed a cease-fire to its reluctant French ally. Soon afterwards, Anglo-French relations in the Middle East reverted to their usual and unfriendly tone.

Suggested Citation

  • Keith Kyle, 1994. "La Grande-Bretagne, la France et la crise de Suez," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 79-100.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_1_1730
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1994.1730
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1994.1730
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