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Stratégie d'investissement et imprévu en histoire économique. Le Grand-Hornu et la Société Générale de Belgique (1800-1850)

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  • Hubert Watelet

Abstract

[eng] Abstract This study reviews a key period in the industrialization of the Grand-Hornu plant and the Mons coal-mining basin of Belgium. Specifically, it examines the shift to financial capitalism, a time when the bank «Société Générale de Belgique» gained a firm upper hand over the region's coal-mining industry. To begin, we will show how erroneous it would be to underestimate the earlier vigour of local entrepreneurs. Although other major coal-mining companies also remained independent of the banks and deserve greater recognition, Grand-Hornu will serve as our example. Then, we will see that despite the «Société Générale's» innovativeness in transforming a series of mining operations into business corporations, two unforeseen events had somewhat forced its course of action : the depression gripping the Mons region between 1823 and 1830, and the extent of the crisis facing the bank itself around the time of the 1830 Belgian revolution. The «Société Générale's» development followed. [fre] Résumé Cette étude réexamine un moment clé de l'industrialisation des établissements du Grand-Hornu et du bassin de Mons, en Belgique : celui du passage au capitalisme financier et plus précisément de la large emprise de la Société Générale de Belgique dans la région houillère. En s'appuyant sur l'exemple du Grand-Hornu, on montrera combien ce serait une erreur de sous-estimer le dynamisme antérieur des entrepreneurs locaux. Comme le Grand-Hornu, d'autres entreprises importantes restèrent d'ailleurs indépendantes du secteur financier, mais sont encore mal connues. Puis on verra que si la Générale fut particulièrement efficace, à partir du moment où elle transforma une série d'exploitations minières en sociétés anonymes, ce fut d'abord sous la contrainte, à la suite de deux imprévus : la dépression montoise des années 1823-1830 et l'ampleur de la crise pour la banque elle-même, lors de la révolution belge de 1830. La stratégie de développement de la banque vint ensuite.

Suggested Citation

  • Hubert Watelet, 1993. "Stratégie d'investissement et imprévu en histoire économique. Le Grand-Hornu et la Société Générale de Belgique (1800-1850)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 12(1), pages 119-136.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1993_num_12_1_1665
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1993.1665
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1993.1665
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