La construction électrique entre Vichy et l'Occupation

[eng] Abstract The successor of the Reichsautobahnen which had been in charge of the realization of the highways programm, the Organization Todt created by Hitler in 1938, had originally the mission of raising in a quick time a concreted rampart on the occidental border of the Reich. Not at all conceived like a firm of state but rather like a staff headquarters of direction, the ОТ was in charge of making deals with private firmes, of providing the building sites with materials, the labour and also checking the progress of works. After the beginning of the hostilities, the ОТ regarded like an auxiliary corps of the Wehrmacht built, alongside the coast range batteries, shelters for submarines, airfields, radar stations and, from the spring of 1942, the 15 000 bunkers of the Atlantic Wall. To respect the time limits fixed by Hitler, the Organisation mobilised the most powerful civil engeenering firms of the Reich and of the occupied countries as well as an abundant labour. Composing one of the most efficient organ of the Hitlerian war machine, the ОТ remains by its dimensions, the extend of its works and by its technical realizations exploited in mass by the propaganda, an unique institution in the history. [fre] Résumé Durant le conflit, le secteur de la construction électrique joua un grand rôle au sein des organismes mis en place par Vichy en vue de gérer la pénurie et d'organiser la production. Si les travaux allemands fournirent des débouchés non négligeables, Vichy et l'Occupation n'ont pas entraîné de changement radical des techniques, ni de l'organisation des firmes, la collaboration avec l'Allemagne n'ayant eu que des résultats très faibles.