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L'éducation féminine en Orient : l'école de filles de l'alliance Israélite universelle à Galata, Istanbul (1879-1912)

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  • Esther Benbassa

Abstract

[eng] Abstract The Alliance israélite universelle, an organization founded by emancipated French Jewry, as a part of its work of «régénération» of Oriental Jewry, developed a vast network of French-speaking schools all around the Mediterranean. Staking on the role that women could play in the family for the modernisation, i.e. the westernization of the Jewish masses, the Alliance soon made of women education one of its priorities. The study of the school for girls of Galata, in a quarter of highly concentrated Jewish population, and in the vicinity of the European area, in a cosmopolitan city like Istanbul, reveals both the beneficial impact of a modern type education in a propitious context and its repercussions on the female Jewish population. This school is also an interesting case because it received both Ashkenazi and Sefardi pupils and because the teaching was delivered both in French and in German. The study of the school microcosm reveals the evolution of a traditional Jewish society facing an imported modernity. [fre] Résumé L'Alliance israélite universelle, fleuron du judaïsme français émancipé, dans le cadre de son œuvre de «régénération» du judaïsme d'Orient, entreprit une immense œuvre d'instruction et d'éducation en langue française, sur tout le pourtour du bassin méditerranéen. Misant sur le rôle que pouvait jouer la femme au sein de la famille, dans une entreprise de modernisation par la base, synonyme d'occidentalisation, l'Alliance mit très tôt l'éducation féminine au nombre de ses priorités. L'étude de l'école de filles de Galata, située dans un quartier à grande concentration juive, à proximité du quartier européen, dans une ville cosmopolite comme Istanbul, révèle tant l'impact de l'éducation de type moderne sur un milieu favorable que ses répercussions sur la population féminine juive. Cette école constitue également un cas particulièrement intéressant du fait qu'elle abritait une population à la fois achkénaze et sépharade, et que l'enseignement y était bilingue, allemand et français. A travers l'étude du microcosme scolaire ressort l'évolution d'une société juive aux prises avec une modernité importée.

Suggested Citation

  • Esther Benbassa, 1991. "L'éducation féminine en Orient : l'école de filles de l'alliance Israélite universelle à Galata, Istanbul (1879-1912)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 10(4), pages 529-559.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1991_num_10_4_1582
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1991.1582
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1991.1582
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