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Des stratégies d'opposition sous Louis XV : l'affaire des Avocats, 1730-31

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  • David A. Bell

Abstract

[fre] Résumé En automne 1730, la couronne chercha à supprimer un mémoire judiciaire, écrit par un avocat janséniste, qui paraissait mettre en cause les fondements théoriques de la monarchie. Le mémoire avança plusieurs propositions, et notamment que «les Loix sont de véritables conventions entre ceux qui gouvernent et ceux qui sont gouvernés». La condamnation royale du texte provoqua une confrontation entre la couronne et le barreau de Paris qui se termina par une grève longue en 1731. L'épisode révèle les limites du pouvoir politique de la monarchie, et la capacité d'un groupe de sujets relativement humbles, par l'emploi d'un éventail de stratégies sophistiquées, à entraîner le gouvernement dans un bourbier politique dont il chercherait bientôt à sortir à tout prix. Il souligne également l'essor des avocats dans la vie politique française. [eng] Abstract In the fall of 1730, the French crown attempted to suppress a printed legal brief, written by a Jansenist barrister, which appeared to challenge the theoretical foundations of the monarchy. The brief had claimed, among other things, that «laws are contracts between those who govern and those who are governed». Its condemnation unleashed a period of confrontation between the crown and Paris bar which culminated in a lengthy strike in 1731. The episode demonstrates the sharp limits on royal power in the eighteenth century, and the way in which relatively humble subjects could, using a repertory of carefully developed strategies, draw the ministry into a political morass from which it would eventually seek to emerge at any price. It also marks the emergence of a new professional group - the barristers - into the French political scene.

Suggested Citation

  • David A. Bell, 1990. "Des stratégies d'opposition sous Louis XV : l'affaire des Avocats, 1730-31," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 9(4), pages 567-590.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1990_num_9_4_1561
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1990.1561
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1990.1561
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