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Les égouts de Paris aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Les humeurs de la ville préindustrielle

Author

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  • Pierre-Denis Boudriot

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Jusqu'au Second Empire l'égout joue un rôle encore mineur dans l'assainissement de Paris. De trop faible pente, insuffisamment développé, mal entretenu et rarement couvert, l'égout peut au contraire contribuer à aggraver l'état sanitaire général. Les habitants des quartiers surinfectés réclament parfois son abandon. Eaux usées et pluviales s'écouleraient alors sur le pavé des rues, jusqu'à la Seine. Mais en surface, les pentes devraient être modifiées au prix d'importants travaux de repavage, d'enfoncement ou de surélévation des maisons riveraines. Par ailleurs, des différences de niveau aberrantes entre certains égouts rendent vaine leur restauration. Entre 1738 et 1740, un nouvel égout entièrement maçonné, long de six kilomètres, borde toute la périphérie Nord de la capitale. Pièce maîtresse du réseau septentrional, ce «Grand Egout» n'a cependant pas une déclivité suffisante. De surcroît, son entretien est négligé. Déclassé dès 1770 par l'essor urbain, il périclite. Cet échec fixe l'image indissociable de l'égout : le lieu de l'infect par excellence ; une image consacrée par Victor hugo dans les Misérables. [eng] Abstract Until Second Empire, sewer played a second important role in Paris' sanitary development. Gentle slope, insufficient development, unproper maintenance and oftenly unsheltered, the sewer worsen the general sanitary situation, inhabitants of those hightly infected areas claimed for it's abandonment. Waste water and rainwater drained on the pavement of the streets until «La Seine». The slope of these pavements should be modified with a very expensive cost of works such as repaying, sinking or raising the wayside residence. Besides, different abnormal levels between certain sewers made the restoration vain. Between 1738 and 1740, a new six kilometers stonework sewer was built to edge the northern periphery of the capital. This «huge sewer» was considered as a masterpiece of the northern network but did not possess sufficient declivity. In addition, it's maintenance was neglected. Since 1770, start to be relegated by the urban development this sewer finished on the vane. This failure confirmed the indissociable image of sewer : a highly tainted place, an image established by Victor Hugo in «Les Misérables».

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-Denis Boudriot, 1990. "Les égouts de Paris aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Les humeurs de la ville préindustrielle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 9(2), pages 197-211.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1990_num_9_2_2380
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1990.2380
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1990.2380
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