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Les problèmes de la route française à l'entrée du XIXe siècle

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  • Guy Arbellot

Abstract

[fre] Résumé : En 1789, la France révolutionnaire héritait d'un réseau de grandes routes empierrées neuves mais fragiles. Comment le maintenir en bon état ? Après bien des hésitations, la «taxe d'entretien» des routes fut instituée en 1798, puis remplacée en 1806 par un impôt sur le sel. L'Etat impérial finança en priorité les routes stratégiques, y compris les grandes percées alpines. Trois innovations importantes permirent de limiter la dégradation des chaussées : les ponts-à-bascule, les jantes larges et les cantonniers stationnaires. Napoléon réorganisa également le corps des Ponts et Chaussées et le service des relais. Le réseau routier français pourra ainsi supporter l'augmentation du trafic que connut la Restauration. [eng] Abstract : In 1789, revolutionary France inherited a system of metalled roads, recently built but fragile. How to maintain it in good condition ? After much hesitation, the «taxe d'entretien» for roads was established in 1798 then replaced in 1806 by a salt tax. The imperial State financed first of all strategic roads including the opening of the great trans-alpine routes. Three important innovations restricted wear of main highways : weigh-bridges, wide wheels, permanent roadmenders. Napoleon also reorganized the Civil Department of bridges and Highways and the staging post service. Thus the French road system will be able to support the increase of traffic during the Restoration.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Arbellot, 1990. "Les problèmes de la route française à l'entrée du XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 9(1), pages 9-17.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1990_num_9_1_1564
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1990.1564
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1990.1564
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