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L'histoire de l'enseignement technique : entre les entreprises et l'Etat, la recherche d'une identité

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  • V. Troger

Abstract

[fre] Résumé : De 1880 à 1960 la formation des ouvriers et des techniciens français a été progressivement scolarisée au sein du système scolaire public pour former ce que l'on appelle l'enseignement technique. L'état actuel de la recherche ne permet pas de rendre compte de manière exhaustive de ce processus complexe, mais deux tendances fortes sont néanmoins décelables. D'une part, pour mener à bien cette scolarisation de la formation ouvrière, l'Etat a reçu de manière assez régulière l'appui du patronat de la métallurgie, demandeur de formation ouvrière scolarisée mais difficilement capable d'en maîtriser à lui seul le développement : inversement, les patronats des autres secteurs de la production se sont montrés hésitants ou hostiles face à cette démarche. D'autre part, l'action de l'Etat en ce domaine a été systématiquement porteuse d'une forte contradiction entre la nécessité d'obéir aux besoins techno-économiques et la volonté toujours affirmée de garantir les contenus socio-culturels des formations dispensées. Ainsi, le développement de l'enseignement technique apparait-il comme l'un des indicateurs de la manière dont le statut et la culture des travailleurs manuels a évolué au sein de la société française à l'ère industrielle. [eng] Abstract : From 1880 to 1960, the training of workers and technicians in France progressively became part of the national board of education to constitute what is at present known as the technical education. In the present state of our knowledge, it is not possible to describe exhaustively such a complicated process, but two great trends can be distinguished. In the first place, to succeed in doing this schooling, the state was steadily supported by the employers of the metallurgical industries who needed schools for the training of workers but who where not able to set them up only by themselves ; conversely, the employers of other industrial sectors did not support and even sometimes tried to stop the development of the technical education. In the second place, the action of the state in schooling the training of workers has always been characterized by a contradiction between the wish to meet the need of industries, and the asserted intention to preserve a cultural content in the technical education. Thus, the development of the technical education appears as a good indicator to follow the evolution of the state and culture of manual workers in french industrialized society.

Suggested Citation

  • V. Troger, 1989. "L'histoire de l'enseignement technique : entre les entreprises et l'Etat, la recherche d'une identité," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 8(4), pages 593-611.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1989_num_8_4_2375
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1989.2375
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1989.2375
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    Cited by:

    1. Alain Alcouffe & Jean-Michel Plassard, 2013. "Abondance d'éducation peut -elle nuire ? Une histoire des théories de économiques de la sur-éducation," Working Papers halshs-00827251, HAL.

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