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Une fidélité difficile : les nouveaux chrétiens de Bahia et de Rio de Janeiro aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles

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  • Bartolomé Bennassar

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Cet article qui se veut complément des travaux d'Anita Novinsky Salvador José Gonzalves ou Arnold Wiznitzer est fondé sur les Archives de l'Inquisition Portugaise et tout spécialement sur deux importants procès qui eurent lieu au début du XVIIIème siècle et concernèrent au total une vingtaine de marranes de Rio de Janeiro, tous arrêtés en octobre 1710, tout en faisant apparaître un nombre plus important de personnages. La plupart des accusés, qui se distinguent par un taux fort d'endogamie, habituel dans ce milieu, sont très intégrés dans l'économie sucrière. Ils sont presque tous «seigneurs de moulins», ilavradores de canas», marchands. Quelques uns sont médecins ou hommes de loi- et les femmes n'ont pas de profession. Grâce à confessions et témoignages on peut découvrir une tradition d'assemblées secretes qui avaient lieu dans les maisons ou les fazendas des judaïsants. Mais, en dépit de traces de messianisme et de la fidélité à certaines pratiques (jeûne de la reine Esther) il s'agissait bien d'un judaïsme appauvri. [eng] Abstract This article which is only complementary of Anita Novinsky's, José Gonzalves Salvador's and Arnold Wiznitzer's works, is founded on the Portuguese Inquisition records and especially on two important trials whose accused were judaizing, about twenty, proceeding from Rio de Janeiro, in the beginnings of XVIIIth century, after various denunciations. Most people, with high level of endogamy, were very well integrated in the Sugar Economy and owners of numerous slaves : «senhores de engenho», «lavradores de canas», merchants. Others were physicians or barristers ans there were several women, wifes, sisters and sisters-in-law, mothers... Confessions and witnesses prove the frequency of secret assemblies in their private houses or fazendas notwithstanding vestiges of messianism and usages like abstinence of Queen Esther, a very improvenshed religion.

Suggested Citation

  • Bartolomé Bennassar, 1988. "Une fidélité difficile : les nouveaux chrétiens de Bahia et de Rio de Janeiro aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 7(2), pages 209-220.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1988_num_7_2_1513
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1988.1513
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1988.1513
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