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Politiques du recensement dans les Andes coloniales : décroissance tributaire ou mobilité indigène ?

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  • Thierry Saignes

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Les recensements et les inspections fiscales (revisitas) de la population indigène dans les Andes centrales (sud péruvien et Bolivie) au XVIIème siècle sont-ils fiables ? Du fait de l'absentéisme villageois et des rivalités pour le contrôle de la main-d'œuvre, ces sources statistiques subirent maintes manipulations (occultations, permutations mter-provinciales, changements catégoriels). On peut néanmoins calculer les nombres et proportions de tributaires ayant changé de résidence, sans pour autant connaître les taux de retours. Apparaît alors pleinement l'importance du phénomène migratoire, qui affecte la moitié de la population recensée et oblige à nuancer notre vision catastrophique de la démographie indigène, pour cette région et cette période tout au moins. A long terme, ce brassage intra et inter-ethnique pose le problème du métissage dans les transformations socio-culturelles des Andes coloniales. [eng] Abstract Can census and tax-inspections of native population in the Central Andes (southern Peru and Bolivia) be considered reliable ? The absenteeism of community members and rivality for the control of native labour permitted a certain manipulation of the statistical sources (concealment, inter-provincial permutations, category change-overs). It is nevertheless possible to calculate the number and the proportion of tributaries who changed residence even through we may not know the percentage of those who came back to their place of origin. Whatever may have been the circumstances, the importance of the migrations factor, which affected half the counted population, forcibly modifies the catastrophic vision that we have of native demography at least in this region and this period are concerned. The problem of mestizaje as a factor of soci-cultural change must be taken into consideration at long term.

Suggested Citation

  • Thierry Saignes, 1987. "Politiques du recensement dans les Andes coloniales : décroissance tributaire ou mobilité indigène ?," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(4), pages 435-467.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1987_num_6_4_1465
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1987.1465
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1987.1465
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