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L'artisanat rural dans la Beauce au XIXe siècle

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  • Jean-Claude Farcy

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Dans une région agricole riche comme la Beauce, l'artisanat et le commerce occupent une place importante au sein de la société rurale. L'analyse des recensements et des archives financières montre que cette petite bourgeoisie rurale, qui fait travailler un actif sur quatre au XIXe siècle, est proche, par la possession d'un capital, par le travail de la terre comme par ses niveaux de fortune du milieu des petits cultivateurs. Mais cette catégorie sociale est aussi très hétérogène : l'activité commerciale, très minoritaire, mais en progrès au cours du XIXe siècle, peut accéder à la bourgeoisie « moyenne » alors que la majorité des artisans a une condition plus modeste, parfois voisine de celle des salariés agricoles. L'importance numérique du groupe comme sa position sociale intermédiaire contribuent à atténuer les contrastes sociaux dans une campagne dominée par le capitalisme agraire. [eng] Abstract In a rich agricultural region like the Beauce, the handicraftsman and the merchant occupy an important place in the heart of the rural society. An analysis of census returns and financial archives shows that this petit rural bourgeoisie, which was responsible for the employment of one out of four active workers in the nineteenth century, is very close, by virtue of its possession of capital, by the work on the land, as well as by the levai of its wealth, to the world of the small farmer. But this social category is also very heterogeneous : commercial activity, very much in the minority, but increasing in the course of the nineteenth century, could reach the level of middle bourgeoisie, whereas the majority of artisans have a more modest condition, sometimes bordering on the level of agricultural wage-earners. The numerical importance of the group Шее its intermediary social position contributes to attenuate the social contrasts in a countryside dominated by agrarian capitalism.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Claude Farcy, 1986. "L'artisanat rural dans la Beauce au XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(4), pages 573-590.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1986_num_5_4_2349
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1986.2349
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1986.2349
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