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Petit atelier et modernisme économique . la production en miettes au XIXe siècle

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  • Alain Faure

Abstract

[fre] Résumé L'article définit d'abord les principes d'analyse de cette forme complexe de production morcellée appelée encore « Fabrique » au XIXe siècle : coexistence dans les industries ainsi organisées d'entreprises indépendantes (division patronale de la production) et de façonniers isolés (façonnage) ; rôle à la fois directif et incitatif de l'entrepreneur central (le fabricant). Quelques industries sont ensuite décrites à grands traits pour illustrer et nuancer ces principes : le tissage lyonnais et stéphanois, la coutellerie de Thiers et quelques activités parisiennes comme l'éventail. La seconde partie de l'article s'attache aux façonniers, en ajoutant aux exemples précédents celui de l'industrie parisienne du vêtement et du meuble. Le tarif qui rétribue les façonniers ne tient pas compte des multiples charges d'entreprise qui pèsent sur eux. Issus pour la plupart du salariat, mais rejetés par le milieu ouvrier, la gêne ou la misère est souvent le seul fruit de leur sur-travail, mais la conjoncture ou la spécialité de travail peuvent faire accéder certains au rang de patron indépendant. [eng] Abstract The article first defines the principles for analyzing the complex form of parcellized production still called « Fabrique » during the nineteenth century : the coexistence, within the industries organized in this way, of independent concerns (division of production by the employers) and isolated outworkers (domestic system) ; the role of the central entrepreneur (the « fabricant »), one both of management and of incitement. To illustrate these principles and bring out some of their subtleties, a few industries are then described in their broad outlines : the textile industries of Lyons and Saint Etienne, the cutlery of Thiers and some Parisian activities such as the manufacture of fans. The second part of the article focusses on the outworkers, adding to the examples already examined those of the clothing and furniture industries of Paris. The fixed rate for the remuneration of outworkers does not take into account the numerous expenses to which their activities make them liable. Most of them come from the ranks of employees, but ara rejected by the workers' milieu. Hard times or misery are often the only fruits of their over-work, although the economic conjuncture or a specialized line of work can sometimes enable some of them to join the ranks of independent employers.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Faure, 1986. "Petit atelier et modernisme économique . la production en miettes au XIXe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(4), pages 531-557.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1986_num_5_4_2347
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1986.2347
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1986.2347
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