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Maximilien Titon, directeur général des Magasins d'armes de Louis XIV, et le développement des armes portatives en France

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  • François Bonnefoy

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Au milieu du XVIIe siècle, la fabrication des armes de l'infanterie et de la cavalerie françaises est encore très artisanale. En cas de guerre, elle est complétée par des achats à l'étranger. Mais quand Louis XIV prend personnellement le gouvernement de la France, ces moyens sont insuffisants pour équiper les importants effectifs qu'il met sur pied. Une véritable industrie d'armement est nécessaire. C'est Maximilien Titon (1632-1711) qui est chargé de la constituer. Obscur marchand d'armes, d'origine très modeste, mais dans doute protégé par des personnages influents, il obtient de Le Tellier, en 1665, le monopole de la production des armes pour toute la France, avec le titre de directeur général du magasin d'armes de la Bastille, qu'il crée. La fabrication est assurée dans deux manufactures privées à Charle ville et à Saint-Étienne, où il a des commis. Titon fait venir des ouvriers de Liège, construit des fabriques près de Charleville : la production augmente rapidement. A partir de ses magasins, il livrera des centaines de milliers d'armes aux armées royales, permettant de les équiper au fur et à mesure de l'accroissement de leurs effectifs. En même temps, malgré d'énormes problèmes financiers concernant le remboursement de ses avances, Titon acquiert une fortune considérable qu'il consacre à son ascension sociale et à celle de sa famille (achat d'offices, de seigneuries, d'immeubles, mariages des enfants richement dotés dans des familles influentes). Tout en donnant à la France son indépendance dans le domaine de l'armement, il a assuré solidement l'avenir de sa descendance. [eng] Abstract In the middle of seventeenth century, the French infantry and cavalry arms were still being produced by manual workers. In the event of a war, extra arms were bought in foreign countries. But when Louis XIV personally assumed the government of France, these resources were inadequate to equip his considerable forces, that he mustered. A real industry of armament was necessary. Maximilien Titon (1632-1711) was entrusted with its formation. He was an humble arms-dealer, from a very modest birth, but was certainly protected by influential people ; in 1665, he obtained from Le Tellier to have the monopoly to produce arms for the whole of the French army, with the title of « directeur général du magasin d'armes de la Bastille », that he founded. The manufacture was carried out in two private factories at Charleville and Saint-Etienne, where he had local agents. Titon sent for workers from Lièg, built industrial installations near Charleville : his production grew rapidly. From his depots, he delivered more than hundreds of thousands of arms to the royal armies, while he supplied them as their strength increased. At the same time, in spite of considerable financial problems, concerning the repayment of his accounts, Titon made an ample fortune, that he spent on improving his social rank and that of his family (purchases of offices, manors, townhouses, richly endowed marriages of his children in families with influence). While he was giving France independance with armament, he ensured a secure and fine destiny for his descendants.

Suggested Citation

  • François Bonnefoy, 1986. "Maximilien Titon, directeur général des Magasins d'armes de Louis XIV, et le développement des armes portatives en France," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(3), pages 353-380.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1986_num_5_3_1431
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1986.1431
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1986.1431
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